drawn up and tightly stitched. A close base-ball stitch should be used to fasten the scalp-flaps, and a black thread should be used. If the scalp has been stretched so that it is loose and baggy, a portion of it may be cut out, so that when sewed together the flaps will fit tightly. The hair must be freed from all bone-dust and blood-clots, washed if necessary, then dried, and arranged in its former position in such a manner as to hide the sutures. The place of any bone that has been removed may be filled by a piece of wood cut to the required proportions, and securely fastened by wire or bolts, or plaster-of-Paris may be poured about it and allowed to set. After removal of the spinal column or of portions of it, there may be substituted a block of wood or an iron pipe of suitable size, which may either be securely fastened above and below by means of wire or bolts, or it may be held in place by imbedding it in plaster-of-Paris. These expedients are not necessary after the removal of the cord alone, but only when entire sections of the spinal column are removed. When the cord is removed posteriorly the skin-incision is tightly closed with a base-ball stitch, and then covered with a strip of surgeon’s plaster or collodion to prevent leakage of blood and serum after the body is turned over. The thoracic and abdominal cavities are filled with dry bran, saw-dust or finely-cut excelsior to fill out the normal contour, a piece of old cloth or paper is laid over the whole, and the sternum replaced. It is usually not necessary to fasten the latter, but if desired the costal cartilages may be stitched together, or wired when the needle cannot be pushed through the cartilage. When the tongue and neck-organs have been removed, the lower jaw must be held in position by fine stitches in the mucous membrane of the lips to prevent the jaw from dropping and leaving the mouth open. The contour of the neck may be restored by a pad of cotton.