1. =Autopsies on Animals.= In the case of the small animals used ordinarily for laboratory purposes, such as the mouse, rat, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and dog, the animal is put upon its back and fastened to the autopsy-board either by small nails driven through the extremities or by slip-knots of string or rope passed over the latter. Autopsy board and holders designed especially for the purpose can be obtained from makers of laboratory apparatus. A main-incision is made in the anterior or median line from the chin to the genitalia, and the skin stripped back from the thorax on each side to expose the ribs. The thoracic cavity is then opened by cutting the ribs with the bone-shears or bone-forceps, and the sternum and cartilages are removed. The neck, thoracic and abdominal organs may then be removed _en masse_ and examined outside the body, or the organs may be removed singly and examined in succession, following in general the same methods of procedure as in the autopsy on the human body, adapting the methods given above to differences in anatomic structure and size. For the opening of the skull and spinal canal the bone-forceps alone may be used, or in the case of larger animals the saw may be needed. Anatomic considerations should govern the method of opening the skull. Directions for the performance of autopsies on inoculated animals will be found in textbooks on bacteriology; and veterinary methods of autopsies on the larger domestic animals are given in textbooks on veterinary pathology. In all cases of autopsies on animals full protocols should be kept, following the general order of the autopsy, altered to suit the individual case.