2. Wash thoroughly in distilled water. 3. Dehydrate in 80 and 95 per cent alcohols; clear in carbol-xylol: mount in balsam. Nuclei are a light reddish violet; the plasma is slightly stained (muscle) or not at all. b. =Lithium Carmine.= 2-5 grms. of carmine to 100 cc. of a cold saturated water solution of lithium carbonate; filter. 1. Stain 1-3 minutes; transfer directly to acid alcohol (1 cc. of hydrochloric acid to 100 cc. of 70 per cent alcohol) without putting section into water; differentiate ¼-6 hours, until nuclei alone retain the color. Control differentiation by examination on the slide in acid alcohol. 2. Wash thoroughly in water. (Use plasma stain, as picric acid, if desired.) 3. Deyhdrate in 80 and 95 per cent alcohols; clear in carbol-xylol; mount in balsam. c. =Borax Carmine.= Dissolve by boiling 0.5-0.75 grm. carmine and 1-2 grms. of borax in 100 cc. of water. To the hot solution add 5 cc. of a O.5 per cent acetic acid until solution is deep red. After 24 hours filter and add crystal of thymol. Stain and differentiate as with lithium-carmine, but leave the sections somewhat longer in the stain (15 minutes). 3. =Basic Aniline Stains.= The basic aniline stains are used as general stains for bacteria in sections, and at the same time stain the nuclei. Methylene blue and fuchsin are employed especially for this purpose. The metachromatic dyes (thionin, kresyl-echt-violett, etc.) are also used as nuclear stains in combination with their metachromatic reactions with mucin, amyloid, mast-cells, etc. Methylene blue is used in the study of the blood-forming organs, cell-inclusions, parasites in the tissues, etc. Safranin and fuchsin are used for staining mitotic figures. (See Staining of Mitoses.) Bismarck brown is employed sometimes in preparing sections for microphotography. Methyl green is an intense chromatin stain and is used in various combinations. Since these dyes are not very permanent, and are easily washed out in dehydrating and clearing fluids, as well as “running” in balsam mounts, they are rarely employed as pure nuclear stains in pathologic work.