Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56: No. 5, February 2, 1884.: A Weekly Journal for the Farm, Orchard and FiresideVarious
Science
Prairie Farmer, Vol. 56: No. 5, February 2, 1884.: A Weekly Journal for the Farm, Orchard and Fireside
Various
Agriculture -- United States -- Periodicals; Farm life -- Periodicals; United States -- Rural conditions -- Periodicals
Meteors are gaseous bodies, which move through space in immense numbers,
and in definite orbits. Drawn astray from these orbits by the attraction
of the earth, they are set on fire on contact with the atmosphere, this
ignition producing the phenomena of shooting stars. The product of this
combustion is sometimes heavy enough as to fall rapidly, in the shape of
stones, to the earth. More often it is an impalpable substance, which
filters slowly down through the air, and is found in the shape of
metallic dust, on the summits of snow-covered mountains and in the
Arctic regions. About the middle of November the earth passes through a
meteor zone—that is, an immense swarm of meteors revolving around the
sun—and during this month there are always vastly more shooting stars
to be seen than in any other month of the year. The brilliant sunsets
being first seen in the latter part of November, their near coincidence
in time with an unusual display of brilliant meteors, seemed to
substantiate the theory that they were of similar origin. It is known
that the telescope reveals immense numbers of these meteors too small to
be seen by the naked eye, and it seems very probable that millions more
are too small to be seen even with the telescope, mere meteoric dust
that can only announce its presence to the eye by its refraction of the
sun’s rays as they pass through it. When this dust falls it becomes
visible otherwise, perhaps. We have spoken of its appearance on
snow-covered hills. Sometimes it appears as a haze or dry fog. At least
the appearance of any very remarkable haze, like that which obscured the
light of the sun for weeks over Europe, in 1783, is now ascribed by
science to the dust of enormous falls of meteors.
Had this theory of the cause of the bright sunsets been the true one,
however, there should have been unusual displays of shooting stars
visible as soon as darkness came on after the sunsets, for meteors are
always ignited by the friction of the earth’s atmosphere. As these were
not seen, the meteoric dust theory did not gain a very general support,
and the opinion of many scientific men was that we must wait for a more
probable theory. When it came to be known that these remarkable
appearances of color in the sky had been visible from different points
of the earth’s surface ever since last September, a theory was offered
by Prof. Lockyer, the well-known English astronomer, and the editor of
Nature, a leading scientific periodical, which is now generally accepted
as solving the problem.
Mr. Lockyer thinks that these remarkable sunset glows are the late, but
direct effects of the great volcanic eruptions which occurred in Java,
last August. He believes that the enormous volumes of fine volcanic dust
thrown out by these eruptions were carried into the upper air, and being
borne by prevailing winds around and above the earth, the reflection of
the sun’s rays upon them have produced the phenomena witnessed at so
many different points.
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