English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Pre-Raphaelitism in literature
I am not going to give selections from his larger works, so I can only
mention here what the large works signify and how he is related to
Chaucer through one of them. The most successful, in a popular sense,
of all his poems is the "Earthly Paradise," originally published in
five volumes, now published in four--and the volumes are very thick.
This vast composition is much on the plan of the "Canterbury Tales";
and Morris and Chaucer both followed the same method, and were filled
with the same sense of beauty. Both found in the legends of the Middle
Ages and in the myths of antiquity, material for their art in the shape
of stories; and as these stories had no inter-relation, belonging even
to widely different epochs of human civilisation, it was necessary
to imagine some general plan according to which all could be brought
harmoniously together, like jewels, upon a single tray. This plan of
uniting heterogeneous masses of fiction or legends into one artistic
circle was known to the East long before it was known in Europe; the
great Indian collections of stories, such as the Panchatantra and
the Kâth-sarit-sâgara, are perhaps the oldest examples; and the huge
Sanskrit epics show something of the same design, afterwards adopted
by Arabian and Persian story-tellers. But Chaucer was the first to
make the attempt with any success in English literature. His plan
was to have the stories told by pilgrims travelling on their way to
Canterbury, every man or woman of the company being obliged to tell one
or two stories. The plan was so good that it has been followed in our
own day; Longfellow's "Tales of a Wayside Inn" are constructed upon
precisely the same principle. But Chaucer made a plan so large that he
had not the strength nor the time to carry it to completion; Morris,
upon a scale nearly as large, brought his work to a happy conclusion
with the greatest ease. He makes a company of exiled warriors tell
the stories of a foreign court, as results of their experience or
knowledge obtained in many different countries. There are twenty-four
stories, twelve mediæval or romantic and twelve classical; and each
pair of these corresponds with one of the twelve months, the first
two stories being told in January, the second two in February, and so
forth. The division neatly partitions the great composition into twelve
books, with the regular prologues and epilogues added. The English
are not apt to trouble themselves to read very long poems these days;
but Morris was able actually to revive the mediæval taste for long
romances. Tens of thousands of his books were sold, notwithstanding
their costliness, and the result was altogether favourable for the new
development of romantic feeling, not only in literature, but in art
and decoration. One might suppose that such composition was enough
to occupy a lifetime, but Morris threw it off quite lightly and set
to work upon a variety of poetical undertakings nearly as large. He
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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