Prehistoric Indians of the SouthwestWormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
History
Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest
Wormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Antiquities; Southwest, New -- Antiquities
There are such distinct changes between Georgetown and San Francisco
times, particularly as regards architecture, that an intervening period
has been postulated. Excavations in Arizona are thought to provide
evidence to substantiate this belief, but there are as yet no published
accounts. It has also been suggested that the marked changes were due to
outside influences, possibly both Anasazi and Hohokam. Still another
theory advanced to account for the architectural changes at the
beginning of the San Francisco stage is that the culture was modified by
the addition of a Colonial Hohokam house type.[99] It is generally
agreed that after about 700 or 800 A.D. the Mogollon was a highly mixed
culture, but there are many questions which cannot be answered until
more evidence is available. Whatever the explanation, many culture
traits, notably house types, did change.
[Illustration: Fig. 55—Postulated reconstructions of the dwelling
units of the three Mogollon phases represented by the houses in the
Harris Village. (After Haury.[50] Courtesy Gila Pueblo.) a.
Georgetown.]
[Illustration: b. San Francisco.]
[Illustration: c. Three Circle.]
The small, roughly circular houses were replaced by deep rectangular pit
houses with roofs supported by a main center pole and auxiliary poles
along the long axis. Most had side entrances, but in some cases the
entrance was through the roof. Some of the wood taken from these houses
has yielded tree-ring dates. At Mogollon Village four houses, believed
to have been occupied at the close of the period, contained datable
logs. The dates fell between 896 and 908 A.D. At Starkweather Ruin, a
house attributed to the San Francisco phase yielded two logs with dates
of 927 A.D.
In addition to the domiciliary structures, there were larger houses
thought to have been of a ceremonial nature. These were kidney-shaped as
a result of the drawing in of the sides at the entrance. They did not
have ventilators. Storage pits were rare in houses but occurred
frequently between the structures. They were usually undercut, so that
they were wider at the bottom than at the top.
The same pottery types found in the Georgetown phase continued to be
made and red-on-brown and red-on-white painted wares were also produced.
Textured pottery increased in importance and included banded, punched,
and scored forms.
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