Killed Pottery—Pottery in which a hole has been punched or drilled in order to release the soul or spirit of the vessel which is conceived as being a part of the maker. Kiva—A ceremonial chamber, usually subterranean and circular. Mano—A hand stone, usually roughly oblong, used for grinding grains, seeds, etc. Metate—The grinding stone on which the Mano is rubbed. Moraine—An accumulation of earth, stones, etc. carried and finally deposited by a glacier. Oxidizing Atmosphere—Pottery is said to have been fired in an oxidizing atmosphere when air is permitted to circulate around it during the firing process. This leads to an excess of oxygen in the atmosphere and produces pottery in shades of red, brown, or yellow. Paddle-and-Anvil—A pottery-finishing technique in which coil impressions are obliterated by striking the exterior of the vessel with a paddle while holding a round or mushroom-shaped object, known as an anvil, within the vessel to receive the force of the blow. Periphery—In archaeological usage, a marginal area, a region lying immediately beyond the boundaries of a specific area. Pilaster—A square column forming part of a wall. Phase—This term is used in different ways by different archaeologists. For the purposes of this book, it may be defined as an interval of culture occurring in a specific area at a specific time and associated with a particular culture. It may also be defined as a group of sites with similar determinants. Polychrome Pottery—Pottery bearing three or more colors. Plaza—A public square. Projectile Point—An arrow point, spear point, or dart point. Reducing Atmosphere—Pottery is said to have been fired in a reducing atmosphere when air is not allowed to circulate around it during the firing process. This results in a reduction of the oxygen content of the atmosphere and produces pottery in shades of white and gray. Sherd—A fragment of a broken, pottery vessel. Sipapu—A hole commonly found in the floors of kivas which is symbolic of the mythological place from which, according to creation myths, the first people emerged from the underworld. Slip—A coating of very fine clay applied to a vessel before firing to give a smooth finish. Spall—A chip or flake removed from a larger piece of stone. Stockade—An enclosure made with posts and stakes. Stratification—The characteristic of being in layers or strata and the processes by which such material is deposited. A single layer is called a _Stratum_, more than one, _Strata_. When undisturbed the lowest stratum is the oldest since it was laid down first. Trait—Any single element of culture. Temper—Non-plastic material added to clay from which pottery is made to prevent cracking.