Prehistoric Indians of the SouthwestWormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
History
Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest
Wormington, H. M. (Hannah Marie)
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New -- Antiquities; Southwest, New -- Antiquities
In the Piedra district of southwestern Colorado[106] are found jacal
buildings in clusters of from three to fifteen. The different structures
were often close, but did not touch. A number of clusters, laid in a
crescent shape around a circular depression, comprised a village. These
depressions are thought by some to have served as reservoirs, or
possibly sometimes as plazas or dance courts. Others hold the opinion,
based on the results of more recent excavations in other areas, that
they may contain pit houses.[41] The earliest houses were pits with
sloping jacal walls. Later the floors were merely depressed, and walls
were perpendicular. This type was eventually combined with two-room
storage buildings of crude masonry. Next, the jacal construction
disappeared and the rooms made of masonry were enlarged and became
dwellings instead of storerooms.
In the nearby region of the La Plata drainage,[95] houses in the
beginning of the period differed little from those of Basketmaker times,
except that they were somewhat more massive and more masonry was used.
There was some jacal construction, but usually a variant form was
employed in which only a few widely spaced wooden supports were used.
Sometimes the entire wall consisted of clay pressed into position with
the hands, and the posts were absent. Stones were sometimes added to the
clay, and some crude coursed masonry has been found. Stone slabs
commonly formed the wainscoting. Houses were usually grouped in a
crescentic form along the north and west sides of a depression
containing a subterranean chamber. No dance courts or plazas have been
found.
During the latter part of Developmental-Pueblo times in the La Plata
area, jacal and slab construction were replaced by stone and adobe, and
walls became more massive. At first the adobe was considered the
important mass and only a few stones were incorporated, but, as time
went by, the ratio changed and stone predominated with mud serving only
as a mortar. Crescent-shaped room-placement changed to a rectangular
structure.
In the Ackmen-Lowry region[82] of southwestern Colorado most early
Developmental-Pueblo sites consisted of one or two above-ground rooms
associated with a pit house which may have served as a domicile as well
as provided a place for the celebration of ceremonies. The surface
structures were of slabs topped by masonry, or were of jacal
construction. Later houses were built of coursed masonry and usually
contained from four to six rooms. The associated pit houses seem to have
been used exclusively as ceremonial chambers. Also found in this area
was a good-sized Pueblo, known as Lowry Ruin, which was occupied late in
Developmental-Pueblo times as well as during the succeeding period.
Thirty-five rooms have been uncovered, but there is evidence that the
pueblo was modified six or seven times, and it is estimated that
probably no more than fifteen or eighteen rooms were occupied at any one
time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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