Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
Still another example of fixity of type is presented in the woven bags
of the Ojibwa and Potawatomi (figs. 149, 150). The two opposite sides
have always distinct patterns. The purely geometrical patterns are
always laid out symmetrically. There is a broad central figure bordered
by a number of narrow stripes. These are followed, above and below by
a wide stripe of a pattern different from the central one. Sometimes
the colors above and below are inverted. The dividing line runs all
around the bag, but the patterns in the broad bands change. On the one
side there are often representative figures above, and in this case
there is no correspondence between the upper and lower designs. Similar
bags are used by other neighboring tribes. The Potawatomi use the same
decorative arrangements, except that the central band often remains
undecorated.[96]
[96] See Alanson Skinner, The Mascontens or Prairie Potawatomi Indians,
Bull. Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Vol. 6, No. 2, Plate 21.
[Illustration: Fig. 149. Design from pouch, Ojibwa.]
[Illustration: Fig. 150. Design from two sides of pouch, Potawatomi.]
[Illustration: Fig. 151 _a_. Type of parfleche and pouch painting,
Arapaho.]
For a clear understanding of the character of a local style a
comparison with related forms in contiguous areas is indispensable.
Historical conditions like those that may be traced in the development
of art forms in prehistoric and historic times in Europe and in Asia
have been determinants in forming the art of primitive people also.
There is probably not a single region in existence in which the art
style may be understood entirely as an inner growth and an expression
of cultural life of a single tribe. Wherever a sufficient amount of
material is available, we can trace the influence of neighboring
tribes upon one another, often extending over vast distances.
Dissemination of cultural traits that has made the social structures,
the ceremonials and the tales of tribes what they are today, has also
been a most important element in shaping the forms of their art. The
local distribution of technical processes, of form elements, and
of systems of arrangement contribute to the character of each art
style. In another place we have discussed the distribution of pottery
decorated by means of applied pellets and fillets (see p. 138), and
it appeared that the technical process covers a wide continuous area
and that it is applied in different ways by each cultural group.
We have also seen that the characteristic triangular design with
enclosed rectangle, often with spur lines along the base, is widely
disseminated over the North American continent. We found that this form
is common to the Pueblos, the Indians of the northwestern plateaus and
of the plains, and that the fundamental pattern may be recognized in
New England and Labrador. Patterns composed of lines, triangles and
rectangles are characteristic of the art of the North American Indian.
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