Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
The method of section applied in fig. 234 is still different. The
figure represents a painting on the border of a large skin blanket. The
animal here represented is the killer-whale. The upper painting clearly
represents the profile of the animal. The lower painting represents
the other profile, so that both the right and the left halves are
visible. Since there was no room for showing the dorsal fin on the
lower painting, it is indicated by a curved line on one of the series
of wider fringes at the lower border. It is remarkable that the tails
in the two halves of the animal are not drawn symmetrically; but it
is possible that this is due to a mistake on the part of the painter,
because the design is repeated on the opposite border of the blanket in
the same manner, but with symmetrical tails. The two halves of the body
differ in details, but their main features are identical. The flipper
is shown on a very large scale. It is attached immediately behind the
head, and extends to a point near the tail. Its principal part is
occupied by a face, in front of which an eye is shown.
Animals are represented by means of sections not only on flat surfaces,
but also in round carvings in which one side cannot be shown. This
is the case on all totem poles, for the rear side of the pole is not
carved. Whenever all the symbols of the animal can be shown on the
front of the totem pole, the animals are apparently represented in
their natural position. But representations of animals, the symbols
of which would be placed on the rear side of the totem pole, make it
clear that the artist actually splits the animals along the rear of
the totem pole, and extends this cut in such a way that the animal is
spread along the curved front of the pole. This will become clear by a
consideration of the following figures.
[Illustration: Fig. 235. Model of totem pole representing a
sea-monster, Haida.
Fig. 236. Model of totem pole representing a sculpin, Haida.]
Fig. 235 represents a sea-monster with a whale’s body and bear’s paws.
It differs from the monster discussed before in that it has a whale’s
head, and no fins attached to the fore paws. It has, however, one large
dorsal fin. The blow-hole of the whale is shown over its eyebrows. The
tail is turned up in front of the body, and the paws are raised in
front of the chest. The dorsal fin will be recognized in the narrow
strip, ornamented with a small ring, which slants downward from the
elbow towards the tail. An ornament of this sort is shown on both sides
of the carving. We see, therefore, that the dorsal fin has been split,
and is turned down along each side of the body. This shows that the
right and left margins of the carved portion of the totem pole must be
considered as the medial line of the back, which has been split and
pulled apart.
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