Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
Lieutenant Emmons has collected the various design elements as they
appear on the blankets and has given the names by which they are
designated by the Tlingit (fig. 266). These names do not fit the
explanations given for the whole pattern. The “double eye” (_h_) and
the “eye” (_f_) are not always eyes but occur also as joints, (fig. 269
_b_). The profile eye is called the “head of the salmon trout” (_c_).
It is used quite generally as the eye of any animal. The “black eye”
(_g_), the “nostril” (_l_) and the design called “one in another” (_o_)
are practically identical. They are also used as joints. The frequent
use of the circular design of light or dark color, set off against a
dark or light background indicates that the tribes of the north west
coast do not tolerate areas of the same color, the monotony of which is
relieved by the insertion of circular designs of contrasting colors.
These may be seen on many blanket and box designs (fig. 274 et seq.).
[Illustration: Fig. 266. Design elements from Tlingit blankets.]
The forms called “side holes” (_p_) and “holes”, “ends of gambling
sticks” or “rain drops” (_q_) have white circles relieving a black
background. It is quite evident that these designs also, as parts of
the whole design, have not the significance implied in the names, nor
do the names explain the reason for their use. The frequent occurrence
of the white circles, both isolated and in lines, (see figs. 269 et
seq., pp. 259 et seq.) proves that they must be considered primarily as
a formal element designed to break large surfaces.
It seems to me most likely that the black or white circular design has
been the basis from which the eye design has developed. In the style of
the north west coast art shoulders, hips, hands, and feet form large
dark monotonous surfaces. These are broken by a large white circle or
oval, which is again varied by a black center. This tendency would
also account for the goggle design (fig. 266 _i_). The same desire to
relieve the monotony of the cheek surface leads to the insertion of an
oval design on the cheek (_k_).
In carved designs these forms are not contrasted by color, but the form
alone varies the monotony of the large undecorated surface.
Another characteristic pattern, the narrow crescent, has presumably
also originated from the desire to break the monotony of continuous
areas. It appears particularly when it is desired to set off two
merging patterns against each other. Here also design names obtained by
Emmons, “woman’s hair ornament” (_r_) and “slit” (_s_) have nothing to
do with its function and significance as part of the whole pattern.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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