Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
“I have given to Hlabakoane, Kumonngoe,[126]
To the herd of our cattle Kumonngoe
I thought our cattle were going to stay in the kraal, Kumonngoe,
And so I gave him my father’s Kumonngoe.”
[126] The girl had a brother named Hlabakoane, to whom she had given a
magical food, called Kumonngoe, that belonged to her father and that
the girl had been forbidden to touch. E. Jacottet, The Treasury of
Basuto Lore, Vol. 1, (1908), p. 114.
In an Omaha tale[127] of a Snake-Man it is related that a man flees
from a serpent. Three helpers in succession give him moccasins which,
on the following morning return of their own accord to their owners,
and every time the same conversation is repeated. When the serpent goes
in pursuit it asks every animal for information in exactly the same
words. In a tradition of the Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island the same
formula is repeated forty times together with the description of the
same ceremonial. In the tales of the Pueblo Indians the same incident
is repeated four times as happening to four sisters; the yellow, red,
blue, and white girls. In a Siberian tale of the Hare we hear that a
hunter hides under the branches of a fallen willow tree. One hare after
another appears in order to browse, espies the hunter and runs away.
In a Papua tale from New Guinea the birds come one after another and
try to peck open the stomach of a drowned person so as to let run out
the water that he has swallowed. Still more markedly appears this type
of repetition in a tale from New Ireland. The birds try to throw the
casuary off from the branch of a tree on which he is perched. In order
to accomplish this, one after another alights on the same branch next
to the casuary but nearer the trunk. Thus he is compelled to move out
farther and farther until finally he drops down.
[127] James Owen Dorsey, The Thegiha Language, Contributions to North
American Ethnology, Vol. VI, (1890), Washington D. C., p. 284.
Much more striking are the rhythmic repetitions in songs. Polynesian
genealogies offer an excellent example. Thus we find in Hawaii the
following song:[128]
Lii-ku-honua, the man,
Ola-ku-honua, the woman,
Kumo-honua, the man,
Lalo-honua, the woman,
and so on through sixteen pairs.
[128] Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folk-lore. Mem.
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Vol. VI, Honolulu, (1919), p. 365.
Or in a cradlesong of the Kwakiutl Indians:[129]
“When I am a man, then I shall be a hunter, o father! ya ha ha ha.
When I am a man, then I shall be a harpooneer,
o father! ya ha ha ha.
When I am a man, then I shall be a canoe-builder,
o father! ya ha ha ha.
When I am a man, then I shall be a carpenter, o father! ya ha ha ha.
When I am a man, then I shall be an artisan, o father! ya ha ha ha.
That we may not be in want, o father, ya ha ha ha.”
[129] Franz Boas, Ethnology of the Kwakiutl, 35th An. Rep. Bur. Am.
Ethn., Washington, 1921, p. 1310.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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