Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
A frequent design of which many specimens have been collected consists
of a spiral with attached curves. Presumably it is derived from a
circle and straight lines (fig. 128 _a_). In rapid execution, the
center of the circle is connected with the circumference so that the
whole line is transformed into a spiral. Sometimes the spirals develop
into a simple hook (_b_), and the lowest point of the circumference
of the circle is continued into the adjoining horizontal line. In by
far the majority of specimens the distinction between the circle and
the adjoining line may be recognized by a sudden turn, or at least an
indention in the lowest horizontal line (_c_). The form developing
from the original pattern depends entirely upon the peculiar turn of
the brush used by the artist. In many cases (_b_, _c_) the spiral,
continuing into the lowest horizontal line and turning back into the
central horizontal line, is made in one stroke and the upper horizontal
line is added on by a separate movement, adjoining the middle and
forming a hook. In other cases (_d_, _e_), the spiral and lowest
horizontal are drawn in the same way. The horizontal lines, however,
are made separately by drawing a right angle, probably from the top
downward and adding a central line. In these cases, the horizontal ends
at the far side in a sharp angle. In fig. 128 _f_, the two horizontal
lines are separated from the curve; in _g_, they are made very long
and apparently the middle one is made in one stroke with the spiral.
The method of producing _h_ is the same as that applied in _b_ and _c_
but the upper horizontal line is very much reduced in size. The same
method is applied in _i_ with the difference that the lower horizontal
is turned up and ends rather abruptly, and that the upper and middle
horizontals are made in the form of a single horseshoe curve. In _j_
and _k_ quite a different method is applied, the spiral remains as
before but the horizontal lines are made separately in the form of a
3. In _l_ and _m_ the whole curve is made in one continuous line which
has led to the doubling of the middle horizontal in the form of a
loop. In _n_ the three horizontals are treated quite differently; the
long S shaped figure starting above on the left being substituted for
the lines attached to the lowest horizontal. A similar principle, but
beginning on the opposite side, is applied in _o_, in which specimen
the three horizontals have taken the form of a spiral ending below in
an almost vertical spur. In _p_ we recognize a form in which the S
shaped curve is made separately; in the middle an additional horizontal
line is added and furthermore, the lowest part of the S shaped curve is
connected with the lower horizontal. The form _q_ is reversed and by
attaching the S shaped curve to the center of the spiral, a divergent
form is developed.
[Illustration: Fig. 129. Alligator designs from Chiriqui pottery.]
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