Fig. 161 represents another hatchet-hammer obtained from the Swiss lakes. [Illustration: Fig. 161.--Another Hatchet-hammer, from the Lacustrine Habitations of Switzerland.] The knives and saws have nothing remarkable about them. They are mere flakes of flint, long and narrow in shape, the cutting edge or teeth being on the widest side. There are some which are fitted into handles of stag's horn, as represented in fig. 162, taken from M. Desor's work. [Illustration: Fig. 162.--Flint Saw fitted into a piece of Stag's Horn.] They must have been fastened into the handles by means of bitumen, for traces of this substance have been found on some of the handles. The same plan was adopted in order to fix the hatchets in their holders. The spear-heads (fig. 163) are very skilfully fashioned; their shape is regular, and the chiselling very perfect, although inferior to that observed in Denmark. They are made level on one side, and with a longitudinal middle ridge on the other. [Illustration: Fig. 163.--Flint Spear-head from the Lacustrine settlements of Switzerland.] The arrow-heads are very varied in shape (fig. 164). In delicacy of workmanship they are in no way inferior to the spear or javelin-heads. [Illustration: Fig. 164.--Various shapes of Flint Arrow-heads, from the Lacustrine settlements of Switzerland.] The cutting of these small objects must have required much labour and skill. Some are toothed on the edges, which must have rendered the wounds inflicted by them much more dangerous. The greater part of these arrow-heads are made of flint, but some have been found the material of which is bone, and even stag's horn. The arrow-heads were fixed into the shafts by means of bitumen. This plan is represented in figs. 165 and 166, which are given by M. Mortillet in his 'Promenades préhistoriques à l'Exposition Universelle.' [Illustration: Fig. 165.--Arrow-head of Bone fixed on the Shaft by means of Bitumen.] [Illustration: Fig. 166.--Stone Arrow-head fixed on the Shaft by means of Bitumen.] Sometimes they were merely attached to the shaft by a ligature of string (fig. 167). [Illustration: Fig. 167.--Arrow-head fixed on the Shaft by a Ligature of String.] A few relics have been discovered of the bows which were used to impel these arrows. They were made of yew, and roughly cut. Tools and instruments of bone seem, like those made of flint, to have been much in use. In addition to the arrow-heads which we have just mentioned, there have also been found piercers, or bodkins of various shapes (figs. 168 and 169), chisels for working in wood (fig. 170), pins with lenticular heads (fig. 171), needles perforated sometimes with one eye and sometimes with two, and occasionally hollowed out round the top in a circular groove, so as to attach the thread. Figs. 168, 169, 170 and 171 are given by M. Desor in his 'Mémoire sur les Palafittes.' [Illustration: Fig. 168.--Bone Bodkin, from the Lacustrine Habitations of Switzerland.]