In the companion volume of Translations a short essay on the Makura kotoba will be found, and in the notes to the Translations some of the more difficult or interesting examples are discussed. The figures denote some of the long lays in which the m. k. to which they are attached are employed. The literal renderings are of the characters, read _mana_, with which the m. k. are more often written--but not so in all cases. Of many of the m. k. the meanings are, and must remain conjectural. Place-names are thus indicated (pl. n.). =adzusayumi=, bow of white-wood (Catalpa, Prunus?); applied to _hiki_ (draw); compounds of _hiki_; _-- hiki-toyokuni_ = _hiki-toyomu-kuni_ (resounding land); _-- Yora no yama he_, _Yora_ hill, _yora_ resembling _yoru_ (night-time when twang of bow more distinct); _-- suwe ha yorinemu_ (at the end will rest--end = bow-end); _-- suwe_ (end); _-- haru_ (stretch or bend, as bow); _-- oto_ sound (as twang of bow), 3, 29, 31, 104. =agakokoro=, my heart or feelings; used with following place-names, Kiyosumi no ike, Akashi no ura, Tsukushi no yama. The application is obvious, 199. =Ahajishima=, Awaji island; applied by sound-quibble to _ahare_, alas! oh! =Ahashimano=, millet-island; applied to _awazhi mono_, one who is not met--_zh_ is _sh_ voiced. =ajimurano=, like flock of teal (Anas formosa); _-- sawaku_, make noise like flock of teal, 54. =ajinosumu=, where teal resort; _-- Susa no irije_ (creek); _ajisahafu_, where teal are abundant, 26; with _mure_ (crowd) or _me_ (contraction of _mure_) confer _umasahafu_, 68. =akahoshi=, red-star, Venus, bright-star; _-- akuru ashita_, bright-star-morrow’s-daybreak. =akanesasu=, red-wort-dyed, madder-red or ruddy, comely; _-- hi_ (sun),--_hiru_ (noon); _-- tereru tsukuyo_ (bright moonlight night); _-- murasaki_ (purple); _-- kimi_ (lord), 24, 154, 240. =akarabiku= (_aka wo hiku_), ruddy, rosy; with _hi_ (sun); _shikitahe no ko_ (pretty young girl); _kimi_ (lord); _hada_ (naked skin), 59--in this and preceding m. k. _ra_ and _ne_ may have same value. =akihagino=, like autumnal bush-clover (Lespedeza), 119, 201; _shinahite aramu_, bending like --. =akikashiha=, like autumn oak; or ‘vendible oak’ (_aki_); applied to _uru_, sell, of Uruha River. =akikazeno=, like autumn wind; _-- Yamabuki no se_, course of the Yamabuki river; applies to _buki_ (_fuki_, blow) of _yamabuki_ (Kerria Japonica); _-- chiye no ura_--(_chi_ taken as = _shi_, breath, _kaze_ being _kami shi_, God’s breath). =akikusano=, like autumn grass; _-- musubishi himo_, knotted girdle, but _musubi_ also means produce, as a plant produces fruit. =akinohano=, like autumn leafery; _-- nihohi ni tereru_ (--abundantly shine), 250. =akitsushima=, Island of Ripe Ears _or_ Dragonfly-shaped Island;--Yamato, 2, 141.