The Lengua Indians of Paraguay connect the rising of the Pleiades with the beginning of spring, and hold feasts during this time[970]. The Guarani of the same country determine the time of sowing by the observation of the Pleiades; it is said that they used to worship this constellation, and they begin their new year at its appearance in May[971]. In the Amazon valley the rising of the Pleiades coincides with the revival of Nature, and hence the people say that everything is renewed by these stars[972]. The Indians of the Orinoco determined the new year by the evening rising of the Pleiades[973]. But still further, the year is called by the name of the Pleiades. Certain tribes of Venezuela reckoned the year by stars, and in fact by the Pleiades. ‘Year’ is _tshirke_, ‘star’, a year = a star. The word occurs in various forms among most of the Carib tribes; among the neighbouring Caribs _tshirika_ is found many times as a translation of ‘the Pleiades’. The connexion becomes clear in the wide-spread Carib idiom of the Guaianas: in a Galibi dictionary ‘star’ and ‘year’ are given as _serica_, _siricco_, the Pleiades as _sherick_, and we read in brackets: “The return of the Pleiades above the horizon together with the sun forms the solar year of the natives.” Among the island Caribs the Pleiades are called _chiric_; these people reckon the years in ‘Pleiades’. Among the Arawak _wijua_ means ‘Pleiades’, ‘star’ in general, and ‘year’, since they reckon the year from the point at which they see the Pleiades rise after cock-crow. The Cariay of the Rio Negro call the Pleiades _eoünana_ and the year _aurema-anynoa_, which seems to be a development of the former word. The Guarani call the Pleiades _eishu_, ‘bee-hive’, and the year has the same name; in ordinary life however the year is usually known as _roi_, ‘cold’[974].