=92.= A difficulty in distinguishing this task, which Ethics may
perhaps undertake with some hope of success, from the hopeless task
of finding duties, arises from an ambiguity in the use of the term
‘possible.’ An action may, in one perfectly legitimate sense, be said
to be ‘impossible’ solely because the idea of doing it does not occur
to us. In this sense, then, the alternatives which do actually occur
to a man would be the only _possible_ alternatives; and the best of
these would be the best possible action under the circumstances, and
hence would conform to our definition of ‘duty.’ But when we talk of
the best _possible_ action as our duty, we mean by the term any action
which no _other_ known circumstance would prevent, _provided_ the idea
of it occurred to us. And this use of the term is in accordance with
popular usage. For we admit that a man may fail to do his duty, through
neglecting to think of what he _might_ have done. Since, therefore,
we say that he _might_ have done, what nevertheless did not occur to
him, it is plain that we do not limit his _possible_ actions to those
of which he thinks. It might be urged, with more plausibility, that we
mean by a man’s duty only the best of those actions of which he _might_
have thought. And it is true that we do not blame any man very severely
for omitting an action of which, as we say, ‘he could not be expected
to think.’ But even here it is plain that we recognise a distinction
between what he might have done and what he might have thought of
doing: we regard it as a pity that he did not do otherwise. And ‘duty’
is certainly used in such a sense, that it would be a contradiction in
terms to say it was a pity that a man did his duty.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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