The material is placed in a flask of about 500 cubic centimeters
capacity, with 100 cubic centimeters of the dilute acid. The flask is
closed with a stopper carrying a reflux condenser. After boiling for
an hour the contents of the flask are filtered and examined in the
saccharimeter. The dextrose formed is determined by the polarimetric
data and the quantity of starch transformed calculated from the
dextrose. The following formula is used:
_av_ × 25 × 0.016
_A_ = ------------------.
2 × 52.8
In this formula _a_ = the rotation in angular degrees, _v_ = the volume
of the liquid and _A_ = the starch transformed.
In this method no account is taken of the sucrose and other sugars
which are present in cereals. In the case of sucrose the left-handed
sugar produced by treatment with nitric acid would diminish the
rotation to the right and thus introduce an error. On the other hand
the dextrose formed from the fiber of the bran would be calculated as
starch. If these two errors should be compensating the method might
prove practical.
=191. Rapid Estimation Of Starch.=—For the rapid estimation of starch
in cereals, cattle foods and brewery refuse, Hibbard recommends a
method which is carried out as follows:
The malt extract is prepared by covering ground, dry malt with water
containing from fifteen to twenty per cent of alcohol. The object of
adding alcohol is to preserve the filtered extract. It exercises a
slight retarding effect on the action of the diastase, but prevents the
malt extract from fermenting. After standing for a few hours in contact
with the malt, the liquid is separated by filtration and is then ready
for use. The substance in which the starch is to be determined should
be dry enough to be finely pulverized, but previous extraction with
ether is omitted. Enough of the material to contain at least half a
gram of starch is placed in a flask with fifty cubic centimeters of
water and from one to two cubic centimeters of malt extract added. The
mixture is at once heated to boiling with frequent shaking to prevent
the formation of clots. The addition of the diastase before boiling is
to aid in preventing the formation of lumps. After boiling a minute
the mixture is cooled to 60° and from two to three cubic centimeters
of the malt extract added. It is then slowly heated until it again
boils, consuming about fifteen minutes, when, after cooling, it is
tested with iodin for starch. If a blue color be produced the operation
above described is repeated until it fails to reappear. The mixture
is then made up to a standard volume, thrown on a linen filter and an
aliquot part of the filtrate, representing from 200 to 300 milligrams
of starch, is boiled with five cubic centimeters of hydrochloric acid,
of thirty per cent strength, for half an hour. The total volume of the
liquid before boiling should be completed to sixty cubic centimeters.
By the method above described, it is claimed that the determination of
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