Twenty-five cubic centimeters of milk are diluted with an equal
volume of distilled water, and strong acetic acid added until the
casein begins to separate. The liquid is heated to boiling and, while
hot, centrifugated in any convenient machine. The supernatant liquid
obtained is separated by filtration and the solid matter thrown upon
the filter and well washed with hot water. The filtrate and washings
are cooled and completed to a volume of 100 cubic centimeters. This
liquid is of about the proper dilution for use with the copper cyanid
reagent. The percentage of sugar determined by this reagent agrees well
with that obtained by the optical method, when no other sugars than
lactose are present. If there be a notable difference in the results
of the two methods other sugars must be looked for. The presence
of dextrin may be determined by testing a few drops of the clear
liquor with iodin, which, in the presence of dextrin, gives a reddish
color. Other sugars are determined by obtaining their osazones. For
this purpose the filtrate obtained as above should be concentrated
until the volume is about thirty cubic centimeters. Any solid matter
which separates during the evaporation is removed by filtration. The
osazones are precipitated in the manner described in paragraph =147=.
On cooling, the almost solid crystalline mass obtained is placed on
a filter, washed with a little cold water, the crystals then pressed
between blotting paper and dried at a temperature of 100°. The dry
osazones obtained are dissolved in boiling absolute alcohol, of which
just sufficient is used to obtain complete solution. The alcoholic
solution is set aside for twelve hours and the separation of a
crystalline product after that time shows that dextrose or invert sugar
is present. Milk sugar alone gives no precipitate but only a slight
amorphous deposit. The lactosazone is precipitated by adding a little
water to the hot alcoholic solution and the crystals thus obtained
should be dissolved in boiling absolute alcohol and reprecipitated by
the addition of water at least three times in order to secure them
pure. The osazones are identified by their melting points, paragraph
=172=. The first part of this method does not appear to have any
advantage over the optical process by double dilution (p. 278), and
requires more time.
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