Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
All that occurs is that, under certain conditions, separate minds
have closely similar experiences. Those who are unable to accept
this view reject it not on grounds of evidence, not through the
ways in which the world influences them, but on grounds of desire,
due to the influence of the contrary opinion on their attitudes
to their fellows. At moments anyone may wish it otherwise; severance
seems a deprivation; caught in a moment of maladjustment we feel
that our essential insularity is a blight and a defect, and to
accept the facts and upon them to found a new and more perfect
adjustment is for all sensitive people in some situations difficult.
But the true belief does not, and perhaps no true belief can,
really deprive anyone of any values. Sad cases of bad systematisations
there doubtless are, for which no readjustment is possible. A
false belief may become an indispensable condition for the most
important activities of individuals who without it break down
into confusion. So it is with many religious beliefs; and in
saying that the removal of such beliefs need involve no loss,
and may involve great gains in values, we do not say that there
are not certain individuals whose values will be destroyed in
the process. We say only that adaptable people will find that
most of their values can be retained after rejecting their errors,
that compensations and equivalents for their losses are available,
and that whole sets of fresh values become open to them through
their better adjustment to the actual world in which they live.
This is the justification for the opinion which has so often
been held, that knowledge is the greatest of all goods. The opinion
appears to be warranted. Knowledge _is_, we are slowly finding
out, an indispensable condition for the attainment of the widest,
most stable, and most important values.
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