Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
The explanation of the rarity of admirable though utterly eccentric
experience is not difficult. The metaphorical remark that we
are all branches of the same tree is its most compendious form.
So much must be alike in the nature of all men, their situation
in the world so much the same, and organisation building upon
this basis must depend upon such similar processes, that variation
both wide and successful is most unlikely. That we are apt to
exaggerate the differences between men is well known. If we consider
what is usually called mind, alone, we may well suppose that
minds may differ _toto cœlo_, but if we look more carefully,
taking account of the whole man, including his spinal reflexes
for example, seeing his mind as but the most delicate and most
advanced part of his total organisation, we shall not be tempted
to think him so diverse. People of course do seem extraordinarily
different in the ways in which they think and feel. But we are
specialised to detect these differences. Further, we tend constantly
to overlook differences in situation which would explain differences
in behaviour. We assume to a ridiculous extent that what is stimulating
us will stimulate others in the same way, forgetting that what
will happen depends upon what has happened before and upon what
is already happening within, about which we can usually know
little.
The ways then in which the artist will differ from the average
will as a rule presuppose an immense degree of similarity. They
will be further developments of organisations already well advanced
in the majority. His variations will be confined to the newest,
the most plastic, the least fixed part of the mind, the parts
for which reorganisation is most easy. Thus his differences are
far less serious obstacles to communication than, shall we say,
such differences as divide the hypochondriac from the healthy.
And, further, so far as they require reorganisation there will
commonly be good reasons why this should be carried out. We should
not forget that finer organisation is the most successful way
of relieving strain, a fact of relevance in the theory of evolution.
The new response will be more advantageous than the old, more
successful in satisfying varied appetencies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account