Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
But this restoration is not enough; merely looking at a landscape
in a mirror, or standing on one’s head will do it. What is much
more essential is the increased organisation, the heightened
power of combining all the several effects of formal elements
into a single response, which the poet bestows. To point out
that “the sense of musical delight is a gift of the imagination”
was’ one of Coleridge’s most brilliant feats. It is in such resolution
of a welter of disconnected impulses into a single ordered response
that in all the arts imagination is most shown, but for the reason
that here its operation is most intricate and most inaccessible
to observation, we shall study it more profitably in its other
manifestations.
We have suggested, but only by accident, that imagination
characteristically produces effects similar to those which accompany
great and sudden crises in experience. This would be misleading. What
is true is that those imaginative syntheses which most nearly approach
to these climaxes, Tragedy for example, are the most easy to analyse.
What clearer instance of the “balance or reconciliation of opposite and
discordant qualities” can be found than Tragedy. Pity, the impulse to
approach, and Terror, the impulse to retreat, are brought in Tragedy to
a reconciliation which they find nowhere else, and with them who knows
what other allied groups of equally discordant impulses. Their union
in an ordered single response is the _catharsis_ by which Tragedy is
recognised, whether Aristotle meant anything of this kind or not. This
is the explanation of that sense of release, of repose in the midst of
stress, of balance and composure, given by Tragedy, for there is no
other way in which such impulses, once awakened, can be set at rest
without suppression.
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