|Succeeded, | 54.16 | 35.28 | *51.05|49.44| 32.60 | 42.69 | *46.52| |Succeeded | | | | | | | | | partly, | 10.33 | 45.93 | *8.14| 8.87| 17.57 | 17.27 | *13.47| |Failed, | 35.51 | 18.79 | *40.65|41.69| 49.83 | 40.04 | *39.95| +--------------+-------+---------+-------+-----+--------+-------+-------+ * In 15 establishments the results were not ascertained. 3. The third popular remedy for low Wages, which has at least the merit of being in the line of economical considerations, as the other two are not, is "Co-operation." The interest in this proposed remedy is much less both in Europe and in the United States than formerly, owing to the failures that have mostly attended the attempts to put the scheme into practice, although there have been some remarkable successes also, particularly in England. The idea of Co-operation is this, namely, that certain laborers within given classes combine of their own accord, (1) _either to purchase their necessaries in common and at wholesale, hence at cheaper rates because avoiding all profits of the middlemen_; or (2), _more especially to engage in the joint production of the commodities they are familiar with, the laborers furnishing the capital also from their little hoards or borrowing it on the strength of their individual or associated credit, managing the business themselves, all being co-partners, and of course all sharing pro rata the entire profits of the concern_.