The more enlightened portions of every business community gradually come to require payment in the commodity which has for the time being the greatest circulating capacity. If to this be added the sanction of the government, and if the government itself recognizes this same “universal commodity” as the means of payment of all debts, or as “legal tender” (_puissance libératoire_), where no other is expressly agreed upon, the “universal commodity” in question then becomes money in the fullest sense of the idea conveyed by the word.(693) Section CXVII. Effect Of The Introduction Of Money. By the introduction of money, most exchanges are divided into two halves: purchase and sale.(694) We may also say with Schlözer, that by its means, exchange, for the first time, becomes a sale, and obscure value in exchange, clear and definite price. (_Permatio vicina emtioni_). Were there no money, the party to an exchange, occupying the most advantageous economic position, would possess a much greater superiority over the other than he does now. Many a bread-buyer, especially, would be half starved before he could agree with the seller on the quantity of bread to be received in exchange for the commodity he had to dispose of. The producer of the means of subsistence would here possess an extreme advantage, since the urgent necessity of the exchange for the one party, and the power of the other to postpone it, would make the determination of the price an entirely arbitrary matter.(695) Hence, the development of money as the instrument of trade, keeps pace with the development of individual liberty. Payment of wages in money makes the workman more responsible for his husbandry etc., but at the same time, freer, than payment in produce. Now, also, a higher division of labor becomes possible; for the easier it is to obtain everything else for money, the easier it is for each person to devote himself exclusively to one branch of business.(696) Without money, too, only ready commodities could be exchanged one against another. Only when money has become the instrument of trade, is it possible to separate the net from the gross returns, and, therefore, to manage income properly. (_Schäffle_). Now, also, it becomes for the first time really remunerative to produce more than one needs for his own use, and to save. Without money, the owner of any one kind of capital, who could not employ it himself, would be obliged, if he desired to loan it, to find not only a person who was in need of capital, but one who needed the very kind of capital he had. For instance, the person who had one horse too many, would be obliged to look for another who was in need of one etc. And how difficult a task it would be to determine the amount of interest, if it had to be paid in produce or kind, and even to make a return in produce or kind of capital which had been presumably used. (_Storch_). Moveable