the Frozen Ocean, a fact which diminishes their importance greatly. The source of the Missouri is only about one mile distant from the Columbia river, although the two flow towards opposite seas. 375 The law governing the march of civilization from the mountain to the plain and to coast lands was observed even by _Strabo_, XIII, 592, and partly by _Plato_, De Leg., 677 ff. 376 Thus, for instance, that all the customers of a shoemaker together form a shoe-association etc. _Dunoyer_, Liberté du Travail, L. IV, ch. 10. _ 377 Storch_, Handbuch, III, 188 ff. The Dutch traveler, _Usselinx_, speaks in a similar way of the imitativeness and many-sidedness of the Swedes (Argonautica Gustavica, 20). Chilian servants (_peones_) are a good combination of the cook, the muleteer, builder, courier etc. Once they have passed over a road, they never forget it. A knife stands them in stead of most tools, and pieces of leather in stead of nails. _Pöppig_, Reise, I, 171 ff. _ 378 von Haxthausen_, Studien, I, 63, 113. In 1827, a Russian hatter got 12 rubles for a hat, a German one 35 (_Schön_, N. Œkonomie, 78). 379 See the report of a large manufacturer in _Kohl_, England und Wales, p. 332 seq. _ 380 Raynal_, Histoire des Indes (1780), L. XV. And so _Rousseau_, Discours sur l’Inegalité (1754), who also declaims against all kinds of capital; were there no ladders, men would climb better; and throw a stone better if they had no slings. There is certainly a misunderstood truth in this saying. It is assuredly very salutary, in the actual state of society, in which every one’s business is transacted for him by some one else, that a time should occasionally come when no one can take our place, and a man can only call upon himself. And herein lies the immense value which just war, when not much prolonged, but which is brought to a happy termination, sometimes has upon the life of a people. 381 The American savages are, on an average, weaker than the whites. In a fist-fight the Kentuckians and Virginians showed themselves far superior to the Indians. See _Lawrence_, Lectures, 403, _supra_, § 40. 382 For a very unprejudiced estimate of the dark and bright sides of the division _of labor_, even before Adam Smith’s time, see _Ferguson_, History of of Civil Society (1767), IV, I, V, 3 ff. Also _Garve_, Versuche, III, 41. _Adam Smith_ was not blind to the dark side of the division _of_ labor, which, in part, he would remove by popular instruction at the expense of the state, and by a species of compulsory education. W. of N., V, ch. 1, 3, art. 2. One of the chief peculiarities of _J. Möser’s_ Political Economy is his great opposition to all highly developed division of labor. Patr. Ph., I, 2, 21, III, 32, 34.