_John Stuart Mill_, II, ch. 13. Against the "philanthropists" who find it hard to preach to the poor, the only efficacious means of improving their condition, _Dunoyer_, L. du T., IV, ch. 10, says: The rich _do_ employ it, although they have much less need of it! Even _Marlo_ admits that a guaranty of the right to labor, without any measures to limit population, would, in a short time, and irredeemably lead the country to destruction. (Weltökonomie, I, 2, 357.) _von Thünen_, der isolirte Staat., II, 1, 81 ff., would take a leap out of the vicious circle that those who live by the labor of their hands can produce no rise in their wages, because they are too little educated to hold their increase properly in check; and that, on the other hand, they cannot give their children a decent education, because their wages are too low; by suggesting that educational institutions should be established by the state, and that these should elevate the subsequent generation of workmen intellectually.] CHAPTER IV. INTEREST ON CAPITAL. SECTION CLXXIX. THE RATE OF INTEREST IN GENERAL. Interest on capital,[179-1] or the price paid for the use of capital, should not be confounded with the price of money (§ 42); although in common life people so frequently complain of want of money where there is only a want of capital, and sometimes even when there is a superabundance of money.[179-2] This error is connected with the fact, that for the sake of convenience, loans of capital are so often effected in the form of money and that they are always at least estimated in money; but neither of these things is essential. In reality, however, we as seldom meet with interest[179-3] pure and simple, as we do with rent pure and simple. A person who works with his own capital can, at best, by a comparison with others, determine where, in the returns of his business, wages stop and interest begins.[179-4] And even in the loaning of capital, it depends largely on supply and demand, whether the creditor shall suffer a deduction in consequence of the absence of care and labor attending his gain, and whether the debtor, in order to get some capital at all, shall sacrifice a part of the wages of his labor.[179-5] When Adam Smith assumes it to be the rule that the "profit of stock" is about twice as great as the "interest of money,"[179-6] it is evident that a considerable amount of what is properly wages or profit of the employer (_Uhternekmer_ = undertaker) is included in the former.