[Footnote 204-7: How frequently this circumstance turned to the advantage of the Germans during the migration of nations! Compare _Salvian_, De Gubern, Dei, VII. Very remarkable answer given by a Roman taken prisoner by Attila, why it must be more agreeable to live among the Huns than in the over-civilized Roman Empire: Prisci legatio, in _Niebuhr_, Corp. histor. Byzant., I, 191 ff. And thus the conquest of Constantinople by the crusaders, took place amid the jubilation of the populace and of the country people: _Nicetus_, Chron. Hist. Urbs capta, § 11, 340. This law of nature becomes most apparent when one compares the preponderating power of Rome against Carthage, with its weakness against the Cimbri and Mithradates. May not Hannibal have been to his own country a phenomenon like that which Cæsar was afterwards to Rome? A healthy and united Carthage he certainly could have held against Italy.] [Footnote 204-8: On the tendencies of the later times of the Jewish monarchy toward an oligarchy of money, see _Amos_, 2, 6 seq.; 6 1 ff.; 8, 5 ff.; _Micha_, 2; 2 _Isaias_, 5, 8 seq. Compare _Nehem._ 5. While Exodus, 30 and 38, mentions over 663,000 taxable men, the ten tribes comprising the kingdom of Israel had only 60,000. XII Kings, 15, 19. _Ewald_, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, II, 2, 320.] [Footnote 204-9: The spirit of the Grecian moneyed oligarchy is best revealed by _Plato_, De Republ., VIII, and _Aristotle_, Polit., III, VI, passim, the first of whom considers the contrast between rich and poor as in itself demoralizing (IV, 422). All that can be called by the name of tradition, the political faith of a people, and the national feeling of right, had, in the Grecian world, been transformed into mere reasoning and concerned itself, with frightful exclusiveness, to the contrast existing between rich and poor. Compare _Aristot._, Pol., II, 4, 1, with _Droysen_, Gesch. des Hellenismus, II, 496 etc., and the citations from _Menander_ in _Stob._, Serm., LXXXIX, 503, in which gold and silver are proclaimed almighty. It is a remarkable proof of the _omne venalia esse_ in Greece that _Thucydides_ (II, 65) lauds even _Pericles_, especially for his incorruptibility. _Demosthenes_ says of his contemporaries, that it excited envy when any one was bribed, laughter when he confessed it; that he who was convicted of it (bribery) was pardoned, and he who blamed it, hated. (Phil., II, 121.) Compare the list in _Demosth._, Pro. Cor., 324; _Pausan_, III, 10. In Athens, on the occasion of the census-constitution imposed forcibly on the state by _Antipater_, that in a population of 21,000 citizens, only 9,000 had a property worth 2,000 drachmas or more, that is, enough for a man to live on in the most