Principles of Political Economy, Vol. 2Roscher, Wilhelm
General
Principles of Political Economy, Vol. 2
Roscher, Wilhelm
Economics
B. There should be a just proportion between the insurance premium and
the risk. This depends not only on the style of building of the houses
themselves and of those in the neighborhood,[237d-5] on the situation,
the too great intricacy (_Complicirung_) of which extends the ravages of
fire, as its too great isolation makes assistance difficult;[237d-6] but
also on the nature of the business carried on in them,[237d-7] and on
the condition of the local development of fire police. Highly cultured
places, especially large cities, are really much less exposed to damage
from fire. To not take this into account would be not only to
compulsorily dole out charity to the poorer classes of the people, and
to the less cultivated portions of the country,[237d-8] but it would
indirectly put an obstacle in the way of a transition to the massive
construction of houses, and of good, that is, as a rule, of costly
fire-extinguishing institutions.[237d-9] On the other hand,
administration must be rendered much more difficult by the taking of
risks of many degrees of danger, especially as it is scarcely possible,
for a long time, to even hope for a statistically unassailable basis of
a tariff graded in exact accordance with the risk.[237d-10] If those
objects especially exposed to danger should be excluded altogether, the
common utility of the institution would be largely diminished; and the
insured least exposed to danger would nevertheless have to complain of a
relatively too high contribution.[237d-11] If every peculiar class of
risks were to be treated as one whole, the insuring principle itself
would suffer.[237d-12] Where the nation or municipality engages in the
business of compulsory insurance, its too rigid system of rate-fixing
has something inequitable in it, inasmuch as it makes the most provident
housekeeper suffer from the danger from fire of his neighbor's
establishment, a gas factory, for instance.
C. The certainty of compensation for damage suffered. The government
should see to it that the institution does not promise more than it can
perform with its joint-stock capital and by means of its
premiums.[237d-13] The good will of foreign institutions to keep their
promises to the letter is best assured by requiring them as a condition
precedent of carrying on their business in a country, to bind themselves
to litigate only in the home courts. They protect themselves against the
risk of very large insurances by the system of re-insurance, by
transferring a portion of the premium as well as of the risk to one or
more other insurance companies.[237d-14]
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