=Questions.= 1. How do typhoid fever germs get into the body? 2. What is one source of these germs? 3. How do these germs leave the body? 4. Name several ways by which typhoid germs in a stream may get into foods. 5. How do flies carry typhoid fever germs? 6. How do these germs get into milk? =Remember.= 1. Typhoid germs come from people who have typhoid fever; they are found in the urine and bowel discharges. 2. No one should ever answer Nature's calls except in a place provided for that purpose. 3. No sewage should be allowed to go into any stream until all the germs in it have been killed. 4. Disease germs will live in running water fully as long as they will in still water. 5. The discharges from a single person may infect a whole city. 6. When typhoid fever germs get into milk, they grow very rapidly; hundreds of people have been given typhoid fever by drinking the milk from a dairy where there was a single person sick with this disease. 7. People who have had typhoid often carry the germs for several months after they are well. CHAPTER XXVI HOOKWORM DISEASE AND AMOEBIC DYSENTERY Hookworm disease and amoebic dysentery resemble typhoid fever in one respect, in that they, too are spread by the improper disposal of human excreta. [Sidenote: Where hookworm disease prevails] Hookworm disease is found almost exclusively in tropical or subtropical climates. In the United States it is rarely seen north of the Potomac and Ohio rivers. [Illustration: FIG. 59. A full-grown hookworm, magnified; the short line shows the average length of the hookworm.] [Sidenote: What the hookworm is] This disease is not caused by a germ, as is typhoid fever, but by a worm from a quarter to half an inch long, and about as thick as a small hairpin. These worms get into a person's intestinal canal, and there lay their eggs, which are later given off in the bowel discharges. When these discharges are thrown on the ground, or are put into an open water-closet, they may be carried about by chickens, flies, and pigs. Then the eggs hatch in the soil and tiny hookworms result. When human excreta are not properly disposed of, in climates where hookworm disease prevails, the soil becomes practically full of these little worms, and from the soil they find their way into the bodies of the people. [Sidenote: How it enters the body] There are two principal ways by which the hookworm may enter the body. One is through the mouth, which these worms reach in practically the same way as do typhoid fever germs. The hookworm may enter the body through the skin also. Some authorities state that the worm bores its way in; but it is probable that it does not actually bore through sound skin, but enters at some point where there is a small break. [Sidenote: Where it lives in the body]