[5] Mr. Rowland-Brown has called my attention to a statement by Dr. Vaillantin (_Petites Nouv. Ent._, II, 235) that in Indre-et-Cher the first brood is of the northern type and the second of the southern. My experience is that in captivity these distinctions do not occur, and I have true _egeria_ as first brood from Vienne and as the late brood from the Landes. I never collected in Indre-et-Cher. [6] I have since seen true _egeria_ from Ferrol in the extreme northwest, which was in Mr. Tutt's collection. [7] Mr. G. Wheeler kindly showed me a series identical with this type, from Guernsey, and others from near Laon. [8] _Ent. Rec._, V, 1894, p. 134. [9] Mr. Wheeler has some pale but rather worn specimens from the Rhone Valley at Vernayaz. [10] See Fleck, E., Die Macrolep. Rumäniens, _Bul. Soc. Sciinte_, VIII, 1899, p. 720. [11] My experience agrees with that of Mr. H. Williams (_Ent. Rec._, VIII, 1896, p. 181) that pupae, well-formed, can stand considerable frost; but I used to find that half-grown larvae usually died if unprotected, and I believe that larvae which attempted to pupate in warm autumn weather and then got caught by frosts, always died. Small larvae which can creep into shelter at the bottom of the plants survived, and I expect that in the north the winter is usually passed in that state (see also Merrifield, F., _Ent. Rec._, VIII, 1896, p. 168, and Carpenter, J. H., _ibid._). [12] Some most unlikely species do this. I once had a larva of _Parnassius delius_, found at about 5,500 feet, which emerged late in the autumn (in October I believe), a season at which it must have perished in its own country. [13] See, for examples, Barrett, G. C., _Lepidoptera of the Brit. Islands_, I, 1893, p. 229; also Grover, W., _Ent. Rec._, IX, 1897, p. 314; Williams, H., _Proc. Ent. Soc._, 1898, who reared several specimens from the New Forest which would pass for Bretons, though the rest of the family were true _egerides_. [14] Above the Tosa falls. [15] _Bul. Soc. Sciinte_, VIII, 1899, p. 691. [16] The fact that Weismann by heating pupæ obtained only one autumn specimen seems to me to show rather that a second brood can be produced than that it cannot, which is the inference usually drawn. [17] Schima, K., _Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien_, LX, 1910, p. 268. [18] _Rhopalocera Palaearctica_, Florence, 1905-11, especially Pl. XXXII. [19] See figures in Barrett, G. C., _Lepidoptera of Brit. Islands_, I, pt. 3, p. 25. [20] Tutt, J. W., _Ent. Rec._, XVIII, 1905, p. 5. In the same place he states that on the Mendel Pass _arcania_ "runs into" _darwiniana_ and that in the Tyrolean localities the transition is especially evident. Wheeler (_ibid._, XIII, 1901, p. 121) expresses the contrary opinion, that _satyrion_ does grade to _arcania_. [21] H. Rowland-Brown, _Ent. Rec._, XI, 1899, p. 293. [22] Speyer, Stettiner, _Ent. Ztg._, XXXI, 1870, p. 63.