Slaves—In what manner these are obtained, does not distinctly appear; but the value of a male slave is said to be from 15 to 20,000 cowries, or from 3l. to 4l. sterling: That of a female slave is described as being two-thirds of the former, or from 10,000 to 13,334 cowries, which in English money would be from 2l. to 2l. 13s. 4d. Cotton Cloths—which are the general manufacture of Cashna, of Bornou, and of the Negro States to the South of the Niger: Goat-skins—of the red and of the yellow dyes: Ox and Buffalo Hides: Civet—the mode of obtaining which, as well as the principal markets for its sale, were described in the account which has been given of the trade of Bornou. In return for these articles the inhabitants of Cashna receive— Cowries—a sea shell which is brought from the coast, and constitutes the common specie of the empire: Horses and Mares—which are purchased from the Merchants of Fezzan; but whether bred in that country, or procured from the Arabs, or from the people of Bornou, is not mentioned by the Shereef: Red Woollen Caps, Check Linens,[33] Light coarse Woollen Cloths, Baize, Barakans or Alhaiks, Small Turkey Carpets, Plain Mesurata Carpets, Silk, wrought and unwrought, Tissues and Brocades, Sabre Blades, Dutch Knives, Scizzars, Coral, Beads, Small Looking-Glasses, Tickera—a paste which is prepared in Fezzan from dates and the meal of Indian corn, and which, whenever they travel, is in great request among the people of Fezzan: Gooroo Nuts—which are brought from the Negro States on the South of the Niger, and which are principally valued for the pleasant bitter that they communicate to any liquid in which they are infused. ~CHAPTER VIII.~ _Countries South of the Niger._ * * * * * The account which the Shereef has given of such of the kingdoms to the South of the Niger as he himself has visited, is too deficient in geographical information to furnish a clear and determinate idea of this part of his travels: and though the names of the principal States in whose capitals he traded, or through whose dominions he passed, may be used with advantage as the means of future enquiry, and are therefore inserted in the map which accompanies this Narrative; yet the places assigned them must be considered as in some degree conjectural. That the line of his journey was towards the Gold Coast, there is, however, the strongest reason to believe; and the following brief account of his remarks may lead to conclusions which are neither uninteresting nor unimportant.