In fulfilling its aim, the exchange thus enters as a competitor into the industrial field, though without consideration on its own part of this side of its work; and it is as an economic factor, rather than as a charitable organization, that it is considered in this chapter. The place it has already won in this field is shown by the fact that there are now in operation about seventy-five exchanges, a few in small places in thinly settled localities having been abandoned, and these are scattered through twenty-three states and the District of Columbia. A few of them are carried on by private enterprise, and make no public report, and several organizations have as yet made no statement of their financial condition. Sixty-six of them, however, receive work from nearly sixteen thousand consigners, to whom they paid last year, according to their last annual reports, a total amount of more than $400,000. The following table shows the amount paid consigners by the ten largest Exchanges: New York Exchange for Woman’s Work, $51,000 Boston Women’s Educational and Industrial Union, 34,510 Cincinnati Woman’s Exchange, 26,992 San Francisco Woman’s Exchange, 23,372 Baltimore Woman’s Industrial Exchange, 15,500 Philadelphia Exchange for Woman’s Work, 14,562 Columbus Woman’s Exchange, 13,000 Minneapolis Woman’s Industrial Exchange, 12,791 Topeka Ladies’ Exchange, 10,000 Milwaukee Woman’s Industrial Exchange, 9,824 It is of interest also to note the total amount paid to consigners by different exchanges since their organization. The following table will show this: New York Exchange for Woman’s Work (12 years), $417,435 Cincinnati Women’s Exchange (8 years), 175,130 New Orleans Christian Woman’s Exchange (10 years), 173,223 Boston Woman’s Educational and Industrial Union (6 years), 148,588 St. Louis Woman’s Exchange (8 years), 55,000 San Francisco Woman’s Exchange (5 years), 50,000 Rhode Island (Providence) Exchange for Woman’s Work (10 years), 48,469 Richmond (Va.) Exchange for Woman’s Work (7 years), 27,324 St. Joseph (Mo.) Exchange for Woman’s Work (6 years), 19,233 The Woman’s Exchange regarded as an economic factor must be considered in three aspects: (1) As a business enterprise; (2) from the point of view of the producer; (3) from the standpoint of the consumer.