Prolegomena to the History of IsraelWellhausen, Julius
Religion
Prolegomena to the History of Israel
Wellhausen, Julius
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.; Jews -- History -- To 70 A.D.; Judaism -- History -- To 70 A.D.
Few of the deviations of the religious version from the natural one
are not transparent; one of these few is the removal of the scene
to this side of the Jordan. Most of them are at once recognisable
as due to the process of glorification, illumination, and
religious inflation, by which the body of the tradition is
etherealised and the story lifted up into the region of the air.
For example, the company of Gideon at the main action, the attack
on the hostile camp, consists of 300 men in chap. vii. as well
as in chap viii.; but in chap. vii., to draw out the
significance of the small number, they are treated as the last
residuum of what was at first quite a considerable army; and this
gives rise to a long story. We may also remark that chap. vi.
begins with the relation in which the judge stood to the sanctuary
of his native town, while chap. viii. closes with this. In the
one case he discovers by a theophany, like the patriarchs in
Genesis, the sacredness of the altar-stone under the oak; in the
other he sets up, in far more realistic fashion, the plated image
(ephod) he has made of the golden ornaments of the Midianite
kings. History has to take account principally, if not
exclusively, of the natural version, which is dry in tone and lets
things speak for themselves, not overlaying the simple story with
the significance of its consequences. The relation, however, is
somewhat different from that which we found existing between
Judges iv. and v. Chapter vi. seq. is not based directly on
chap. viii., but was probably formed from independent oral
material Though the local colour is lively, the historical
reminiscences are extremely vague, and there has been a much
freer growth of legend than in Jud. iv., producing pictures of
greater art and more naivete. But in the field of miracle poetry
is manifestly earlier than prose.
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