An important and easily intelligible particular is noted by Isaeus[332]
in his oration About the Estate of Pyrrhos. The question comes up, ‘Was
Pyrrhos lawfully married?’ Isaeus asks, ‘If he were married, would he not
have been obliged, on behalf of his lawful wife, to feast the women at
the Thesmophoria and to perform all the other customary dues in his deme
on behalf of his wife, his property being what it was?’ This is one of
the passages on which the theory has been based that the Thesmophoria was
a rite performed by married women only. It really points the other way;
a man when he married by thus obtaining exclusive rights over one woman
violated the old matriarchal usages and may have had to make his peace
with the community by paying the expenses of the Thesmophoria feast.
Before passing to the consideration of the etymology and precise meaning
of the word Thesmophoria, the other women festivals must be briefly
noted, i.e. the Arrephoria or Arretophoria, the Skirophoria or Skira, and
the Stenia.
ARREPHORIA, SKIROPHORIA, STENIA.
The scholiast on Lucian, as we have already seen, expressly notes that
the Arretophoria and Skirophoria were of similar content with the
Thesmophoria. Clement of Alexandria[333], a dispassionate witness,
confirms this view. ‘Do you wish,’ he asks, ‘that I should recount for
you the Flower-gatherings of Pherephatta and the basket, and the rape
by Aïdoneus, and the cleft of the earth, and the swine of Eubouleus,
swallowed down with the goddesses, on which account in the Thesmophoria
they cast down living swine in the _megara_? This piece of mythology
the women in their festivals celebrate in diverse fashion in the
city, dramatizing the rape of Pherephatta in diverse fashion in the
Thesmophoria, the Skirophoria, the Arretophoria.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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