It is possible, I think, to go a step further. A rite frequently throws
light on the myth made to explain it. Occasionally the rite itself is
elucidated by the myth to which it gave birth. The maidens who carried
the sacred _cista_ were too young to know its holy contents, but they
might be curious, so a scare story was invented for their safeguarding,
the story of the disobedient sisters who opened the chest, and in horror
at the great snake they found there, threw themselves headlong from the
Acropolis. The myth is prettily represented on an amphora in the British
Museum[339], reproduced in fig. 13. The sacred chest stands on rude
piled stones that represent the rock of the Acropolis, the child rises
up with outstretched hand, Athene looks on in dismay and anger, and the
bad sisters hurry away. Erichthonios is here a human child with two great
snakes for guardians, but what the sisters really found, what the maidens
really carried, was a snake[340] and symbols like a snake. Snake and
child to the primitive mind are not far asunder; the Greek peasant of
to-day has his child quickly baptized, for till baptized he may at any
moment disappear in the form of a snake. The natural form for a human
hero to assume is, as will later be seen, a snake.
The little girl-Arrephoroi in ignorance, as became their age, carried the
same _sacra_ as the full-grown women in the Thesmophoria. The perfect
seemliness and reverence of the rite is shown by the careful precautions
taken. When goddesses began to take shape the _sacra_ were regarded, not
as mere magical charms, but as offerings as was meet to Ge, to Themis,
to Aphrodite, to Eileithyia, but always the carrying was a reverent
‘mystery.’
* * * * *
The Skira or Skirophoria[341] presents more difficulties. It was
specially closely associated with the Thesmophoria of which it may have
formed part. The chorus in the _Thesmophoriazusae_ of Aristophanes[342]
says, ‘If any of us bear a good citizen to the state, a taxiarch or
strategos, she ought to be rewarded by some honourable office, the
presidency ought to be given her at the Stenia and the Skira and at any
other of the feasts which we (women) celebrate.’ The scholiast remarks,
‘both were feasts of women; the Stenia took place before the two days of
the Thesmophoria on the 7th of Pyanepsion, and the Skira, some say, are
the sacred rites that took place on this feast (i.e. the Thesmophoria)
to Demeter and Kore. But others say that sacrifice was made ἐπὶ Σκίρῳ to
Athene.’ On the other hand in an inscription, usually a most trustworthy
authority, the two ceremonies are noted as separate though apparently
analogous. In the inscription in question[343] which is of the 4th
century B.C., certain regulations are enforced ‘when the feast of the
Thesmophoria takes place, and at the Plerosia, and at the Kalamaia and
the Skira, and if there is any other day on which the women congregate by
ancestral usage.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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