The date of the mysteries at Eleusis is fortunately certain. The
ceremonies began on the 13th of Boedromion, i.e. about the end of
September, an appropriate date for any harvest festival which was
to include the later fruits and notably the grape. Our evidence for
this date is an imperial Roman inscription[384], but this inscription
expressly states that its enactments are ‘according to ancient
usage.’ ‘The people has decided to order the Kosmeter of the Epheboi
in accordance with ancient usage to send them to Eleusis on the 13th
day of Boedromion, in their customary dress, for the procession that
accompanies the _sacra_, in order that on the 14th they may escort them
to the Eleusinion which is at the foot of the Acropolis. Also to order
the Kosmeter of the Epheboi to conduct them on the 19th to Eleusis in
the same dress, escorting the _sacra_.’ The inscription is of great
importance, as it is clear evidence that _sacra_ were part of the regular
ritual. What precisely these _sacra_ were we do not know; presumably they
were objects like those in use at the Thesmophoria. The going to and
fro from Eleusis to Athens is purely political. The _sacra_ were really
resident at Eleusis, but Athens liked to think she brought them there.
The Epheboi _escorted_ the _sacra_, but, as was fitting, they were really
in charge of, and actually carried by, _priestesses_[385].
On the 15th of Boedromion took place the ἀγυρμός or assembling of the
candidates for initiation, and the proclamation by the Hierophant in
the Stoa Poikile interdicting those whose hands were defiled and those
whose lips spoke unintelligible words[386]. Some such interdiction,
some ‘fencing of the tables,’ took place in all probability before
all mysteries. It is this _prorrhesis_ of course that is parodied by
Aristophanes in the _Frogs_[387], who actually dares to put his burlesque
into the mouth of the Hierophant himself.
The 16th of Boedromion saw the accomplishment of a rite of cardinal
importance. The day was called in popular parlance ‘ἅλαδε μύσται,’ ‘To
the sea ye mystics,’ from the cry that heralded the act of purification.
Hesychius[388] in commenting on the expression says ‘a certain day of the
Mysteries at Athens.’ Polyaenus[389] is precise as to the date. He says
‘Chabrias won the sea-fight at Naxos on the 16th of Boedromion. He had
felt that this was a good day for a battle, because it was one of the
days of the Great Mysteries. The same thing happened with Themistocles
against the Persians at Salamis. But Themistocles and his troops had
the “Iacchos” for their call, while Chabrias and his troops had “To
the sea ye mystics.”’ The victory of Chabrias was won, as we know from
Plutarch[390], at the full moon, and at the full moon the Mysteries were
celebrated.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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