It seems an extraordinary story, but, if we do not press too hard the
words of the panegyrist, the explanation is natural enough. Sophocles
was not exactly canonised ‘because of his virtue.’ He became a hero,
officially, because he had officially received Asklepios, and the
‘Receiver’ of a god, like the ‘Founder’ of a town, had a right to ritual
recognition. ‘Dexion’ is the Receiver of the god, and from the fact
that the inscription with his name is set up in the little precinct
on the west slope of the Acropolis we may be sure his worship went on
there. It was in that little precinct, we may conjecture, that he served
as priest. This conjecture is made almost certain by the fact that a
later inscription[896] (1st cent. B.C.), with a dedication to Amynos
and Asklepios, is dated by the priesthood of a ‘Sophocles,’ probably a
descendant of the poet. Sophocles as a hero was not a success, probably
he was too alive and human as a poet; he was in his own precinct
completely submerged by the god he ‘received.’
The theological history of the little precinct is quite clear. The
inscription preserves the ritual order of precedence. The sanctuary
began, not later than Peisistratos, as an Amyneion, shrine of a local
hero worshipped under the title of Amynos, Protector. At some time,
probably owing to the recent pestilence which the local hero had failed
to avert, it was thought well to affiliate a Healer-god who had attained
enormous prestige in the Peloponnesus. The experiment was quietly and
carefully tried in the little Amyneion before the foundation of the great
Asklepieion on the south slope. It was a very simple matter. A sacred
snake would be sent for[897] from Epidauros, to join the local snake of
Amynos. Both were snakes, both were healers; the same offerings served
for both, the votive limbs, the _pelanoi_. Sophocles the human Receiver,
who had introduced Asklepios in due course, naturally enough dies, and
a third healing hero is added to the list. Dexion fades, and Asklepios
gradually effaces Amynos and takes his name as a ceremonial title.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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