A still richer store of amazing paradox and perplexing analogies awaits anyone who will turn over the volume in Hegel's _Werke_ (vii. i) and select the plums which lie thick in the lecture-notes. He will find a great deal--and probably more, the less he really knows of any of the subjects under discussion--that he cannot make head or tail of: language where he cannot guess whether it should be taken literally or figuratively. For Hegel seriously insists on the essential unity and identity of all the compartments of the physical universe; he will not keep time and space on one level, matter and motion on another, and senses, suns, plants, passions, all in their proper province. Going far beyond the theory which supposes that all the complex difference of organisation has grown up in endless, endless ages from a primitive indistinctness, so that the gap of time acts as a wall to keep early and late apart, Hegel insists upon their essential unity to-day. And that sounds hard--the herald of anarchy, of the collapse of the ordered polity of the scientific state. It is no doubt probable that Hegel, like other men, made mistakes; that he over-estimated the supposed discoveries of the day: that he indulged in false analogies, and that he was attracted by a daring paradox. All this has nothing to do with his main thesis: which is, that the natural realm is as it stands an a-logical realm where reason has gone beside itself, and yet containing an instrument--man, and that is mind--by which its rationality may be realised and restored. In that point at least he and Schopenhauer are at one. [Footnote 1: Kant's _Kritik d. r. Vernunft_: Methodenl. Architektonik d. r. Vern.] [Footnote 2: Schelling's Werke, v. 116.] [Footnote 3: Ibid. v. 276.] [Footnote 4: Ibid. iii. 267.] [Footnote 5: Kant, _Kritik d. r. Vern.,_ Deduction of the Categories, Sect. III.] [Footnote 6: _Encyclopaedie_, § 250.] [Footnote 7: _Encycl._ Sect. 244 (_Logic,_ p. 379).] [Footnote 8: _Encyclop._ §§ 266, 269; cf. the lecture-note as given in _Werke_ vii i. p. 97. A large number of paradoxical analogies from Hegel's _Naturphilosophie_ has been collected by Riehl in his _Philosophisher Criticismus_, ii. 2, 120.] [Footnote 9: See notes and illustrations in vol. ii. 419.] CHAPTER VIII. THE SCEPTICAL DOUBT: HUME.