The inessential or accidental parts of roots, which are attached to the roots of some plants, but not to those of others, (and are, indeed, for the most part absent,) are three: namely, Store-Houses, Refuges, and Ruins 34 III. Store-houses contain the food of the future plant 34 {240} IV. REFUGES shelter the future plant itself for a time 35 V. RUINS form a basis for the growth of the future plant in its proper order 36 Root-Stocks, the accumulation of such ruins in a vital order 37 General questions relating to the office and chemical power of roots 38 /# The nomenclature of Roots will not be extended, in Proserpina, beyond the five simple terms here given: though the ordinary botanical ones--corm, bulb, tuber, etc.--will be severally explained in connection with the plants which they specially characterize. #/ II. THE STEM. Derivation of word 137 The channel of communication between leaf and root 153 In a perfect plant it consists of three parts: I. THE STEM (STEMMA) proper.--A growing or advancing shoot which sustains all the other organs of the plant 136 It may grow by adding thickness to its sides without advancing; but its essential characteristic is the vital power of Advance 136 {241} It may be round, square, or polygonal, but is always roundly minded 136 Its structural power is Spiral 137 It is essentially branched; having subordinate leaf-stalks and flower-stalks, if not larger branches 139 It developes the buds, leaves, and flowers of the plant. This power is not yet properly defined, or explained; and referred to only incidentally throughout the eighth chapter 134-138 II. THE LEAF-STALK (CYMBA) sustains, and expands itself into, the Leaf 133, 134 It is essentially furrowed above, and convex below 134 It is to be called in Latin, the Cymba; in English, the Leaf-Stalk 135 III. THE FLOWER-STALK (PETIOLUS): It is essentially round 130 It is usually separated distinctly at its termination from the flower 130, 131 It is to be called in Latin, Petiolus; in English, Flower-stalk 130