[Sidenote: The duty of the State.] More than that, it is the public duty of every civilized state actively to co-operate. In this respect the United States of America, by instituting a bureau for the study of the aborigines within its dominions, has set an example {176} which every enlightened nation that rules over lower races ought to imitate. [Sidenote: The duty of England.] On none does that duty, that responsibility, lie more clearly and more heavily than on our own, for to none in the whole course of human history has the sceptre been given over so many and so diverse races of men. We have made ourselves our brother’s keepers. Woe to us if we neglect our duty to our brother! It is not enough for us to rule in justice the peoples we have subjugated by the sword. We owe it to them, we owe it to ourselves, we owe it to posterity, who will require it at our hands, that we should describe them as they were before we found them, before they ever saw the English flag and heard, for good or evil, the English tongue. The voice of England speaks to her subject peoples in other accents than in the thunder of her guns. Peace has its triumphs as well as war: there are nobler trophies than captured flags and cannons. [Sidenote: _Monumentum aere perennius._] There are monuments, airy monuments, monuments of words, which seem so fleeting and evanescent, that will yet last when your cannons have crumbled and your flags have mouldered into dust. When the Roman poet wished to present an image of perpetuity, he said that he would be remembered so long as the Roman Empire endured, so long as the white-robed procession of the Vestals and Pontiffs should ascend the Capitol to pray in the temple of Jupiter. That solemn procession has long ceased to climb the slope of the Capitol, the Roman Empire itself has long passed away, like the empire of Alexander, like the empire of Charlemagne, like the empire of Spain, yet still amid the wreck of kingdoms the poet’s monument stands firm, for still his verses are read and remembered. I appeal to the Universities, I appeal to the Government of this country to unite in building a monument, a beneficent monument, of the British Empire, a monument “_Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotens_ _Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis_ _Annorum series, et fuga temporum._” [The End] INDEX {177} Aborigines of Australia, the severity with which they punish sexual offences, 71 _sqq._ Abraham and Sarah, 60 _sq._ Abyssinia, 66, 81 Action and opinion, their relative values for society, 155 Adulterer and injured husband, physical relationship supposed to exist between, 104 _sq._ ---- called a murderer, 65, 104 Adultery, expiation for, 44 _sq._; disastrous effects supposed to flow from, 44 _sqq._, 60 _sq._; punishment of, 46, 50 _sq._, 63 _sqq._; supposed to be dangerous to the culprits, their spouses, and their offspring, 102 _sqq._ _See also_ Infidelity.