[45.1] Rev. F. Mason, D.D., “On Dwellings, Works of Art, Laws, etc., of the Karens,” _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, New Series, xxxvii. (1868) part ii. No. 3, pp. 147 _sq._ Compare A. R. McMahon, _The Karens of the Golden Chersonese_ (London, 1876), pp. 334 _sq._ [45.2] T. C. Hodson, “The _Genna_ amongst the Tribes of Assam,” _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xxxvi. (1906) p. 94. [45.3] Lieutenant Thomas Shaw, “On the Inhabitants of the Hills near Rajamahall,” _Asiatic Researches_, Fourth Edition, iv. (1807) pp. 60-62. [46.1] Major P. R. T. Gurdon, _The Khasis_ (London, 1907), pp. 94, 123. [46.2] É. Aymonier, “Notes sur l’Annam,” _Excursions et Reconnaissances_, x. No. 24 (Saigon, 1885), pp. 308 _sq._ [46.3] J. B. Neumann, “Het Pane en Bilastroomgebied op het eiland Sumatra,” _Tijdschrift van het Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap_, Tweede Serie, dl. iii., afdeeling, meer uitgebreide artikelen, No. 3 (Amsterdam, 1886), pp. 514 _sq._; M. Joustra, “Het leven, de zeden en gewoonten der Bataks,” _Mededeelingen van wege het Nederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap_, xlvi. (1902) p. 411. [47.1] H. Sundermann, _Die Insel Nias und die Mission daselbst_ (Barmen, 1905), pp. 34 _sq._, 37, 84. Compare A. Fehr, _Der Niasser im Leben und Sterben_ (Barmen, 1901), pp. 34-36; Th. C. Rappard, “Het eiland Nias en zijne bewoners,” _Bijdragen tot de Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië_, lxii. (1909) pp. 594, 596. The death penalty for these offences has been abolished by the Dutch Government, so far as it can make its arm felt in the island. [47.2] Rev. J. Perham, “Petara, or Sea Dyak Gods,” _Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society_, No. 8, December 1881, p. 150; H. Ling Roth, _The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo_ (London, 1896), i. 180. _Petara_ is the general Dyak name for deity. The common idea is that there are many _petaras_, indeed that every man has his own. The word is said to be derived from Sanscrit and to be etymologically identical with _Avatar_, the Dyaks regularly substituting _p_ or _b_ for _v_. See Rev. J. Perham, _op. cit._ pp. 133 _sqq._; H. Ling Roth’s _Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo_, i. 168 _sqq._ [48.1] H. Ling Roth, “Low’s Natives of Borneo,” _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xxi. (1892) pp. 113 _sq._, 133; compare _id._, _ibid._ xxii. (1893) p. 24. [48.2] Spenser St. John, _Life in the Forests of the Far East_, Second Edition (London, 1863), i. 63 _sq._ [49.1] Hugh Low, _Sarawak_ (London, 1848), pp. 300 _sq._ [50.1] Charles Hose and William McDougall, _The Pagan Tribes of Borneo_ (London, 1912), ii. 196-199. [50.2] Charles Brooke, _Ten Years in Sarawak_ (London, 1866), i. 69 _sq._ [51.1] A. W. Nieuwenhuis, _Quer durch Borneo_ (Leyden, 1904-1907), i. 367. [51.2] M. T. H. Perelaer, _Ethnographische Beschrijving der Dajaks_ (Zalt-Bommel, 1870), pp. 59 _sq._