Besides these variable feasts of the Genesia, celebrated as they occurred by the individual families, there was at Athens a festival, also called the Genesia, at which the whole citizen body did honour to the souls of their dead relatives on the 5th Boëdromion.[90\5] We hear also of the Nemesia as a feast of the dead in Athens[91\5] (probably intended for the averting of the anger of the dead--always a subject of apprehension), and of various festivals of the dead in other Greek States.[92\5] At Athens the chief festival of all the dead occurred at the close of the Dionysiac feast of the Anthesteria, in the spring, of which it formed the concluding day. This was the time when the dead swarmed up into the world of the living, as they did in Rome on the days when the "mundus patet", and so still in the belief of our own (German) country people at "Twelfth-tide". The days belonged to the souls (and their master Dionysos): they were days of "uncleanness"[93\5] unsuited to the business of city life. The temples of the gods were closed during that period.[94\5] As protection against the ghosts invisibly present, the citizens employed various old and tried precautionary measures; they chewed hawthorn leaves on their morning walk, and smeared their doorposts with pitch. In this way the ghosts were kept at arms length.[95\5] Each family made offering to its own dead, and the offerings they made have remained for the most part the appropriate gifts of the dead on their feast-days in many lands down to modern times. A special offering was made to the dead[96\5] on the last day of the feast, the Chytrai, which was sacred to none of the Olympians, but to Hermes the leader of the dead. To this god--but "for the dead"--were offered cooked vegetables and seeds in pots (which gave their name to this day of the festival).[97\5] It seems probable that as a sacrifice to the dead honey-cakes were thrown into a cleft of the earth in the Temne of Ge Olympia.[98\5] Indoors, too, the swarming ghosts entered and were entertained. They were not, however, permanently welcome guests, and finally they were driven out of the house in a manner parallelled at the close of festivals of the dead among many nations of old and modern times.[99\5] "Begone ye Keres, Anthesteria is over" were the words used in sending away the souls, and it is remarkable that in this formula they were given their primeval name--a name whose original sense had been forgotten by Homer, but not by the language of the common people of Attica.[100\5]