[17\7: Descents to Hades occurred in the ~Krapa/taloi~ of Pherecr. (i, p. 167 K.); the ~Ba/trachoi~ and ~Gêruta/dês~ of Ar.; [Pherecr.] ~Metall.~ (i, p. 174 K.); and probably also in the ~Trophô/nios~ of Cratin., etc.--On a vase from Eretria, fifth century, there is a representation of a repulsive scene of torture; an old woman, naked and tied to a tree, is being tortured by three satyrs. This, according to J. Zingerle, _Archäol. epigr. Mittheil. a. Oesterreich_, 18, 162 ff., is a parody of some incident from a comedy of the time, the plot of which was laid in Hades. But nothing in the picture suggests that the lower regions are the scene of this gruesome affair; and what would the satyrs be doing there?] [18\7: Utopian existence in Hades; see in partic. [Pherecr.] ~Metall.~ (i, p. 174 K.). A pretext for such parodies was perhaps given by the Orphic promise of an everlasting carouse for the initiated at the ~sumpo/sion tô=n hosi/ôn~ in Hades (Pl., _Rp._ ii, 263 C, ~maka/rô=n euôchi/a~, Ar., _Ra._ 85). Many details were borrowed from the descriptions of the reign of bliss upon earth in the golden age under Kronos' rule which had long been a familiar subject of comedy (cf. Pöschel, _Das Märchen vom Schlaraffenland_, 7 ff.). The golden age in the dim past and the land of Elysion in the future always had many features in common. (See above, chap. ii, n. 49.) From these traditional pictures of a spirit-world only to be met with in the long-vanished past or in the next world, the whole Greek literature of imaginary Utopias drew its sustenance (see my _Griech. Roman_, ii, § 2, 3). That literature was really an attempt to transpose those early fantasies of a land of spirits into real life and on to the inhabited world.] [19\7: ~e/sti g' eudai/môn po/lis para\ tê\n eruthra\n tha/lattan~, Ar., _Av._ 144 f. (cf. _Griech. Roman_, 201 ff.).] [20\7: ~li/mnê~ (the Acherousian lake: Eur., _Alc._ 443, and often afterwards). Charon: Ar., _Ra._ 137 ff., 182 ff., 185 ff.--~sko/tos kai\ bo/rboros~ 144 ff., 278 ff., 289 ff. Abode and life of the Mystai: 159, 163, 311 ff., 454 ff.]