independent being of its own and alone deserving the name "soul", a name which belongs as little to ~thumo/s~ as to ~no/os~. Gomperz thinks that ~thumo/s~, etc., were at first the only recognized faculties of the body and that ~psuchê/~ was only (for the Greeks) added later. This is certainly not to be made out from Homer--or any other part of Greek literature.] [59\1: ~peri\ psuchê=s the/on~, ~Ch~ 161; ~peri\ psuche/ôn ema/chonto~, ~ch~ 245; ~psuchê\n paraballo/menos~, ~I~ 322; ~psucha\s parthe/menoi~, ~g~ 74, ~i~ 255; ~psuchê=s anta/xion~, ~I~ 401; and cf. ~i~ 523: ~ai\ ga\r dê\ psuchê=s te kai\ aiô=no/s se dunai/mên eu=nin poiê/sas pe/mpsai do/mon A/ïdos ei/sô~. No one strictly speaking can go into Hades bereft of his ~psuchê/~, for it is the ~psuchê/~ alone which goes there. Thus ~psuchê/~ here clearly = life, as is shown also by the addition of the words ~kai\ aiô=nos~ for the sake of clearness. It is more doubtful whether this is the explanation of ~psuchê=s o/lethros~, ~Ch~ 325, or of ~psucha\s ole/santes~, ~N~ 763, ~Ô~ 168. Other passages adduced by Nägelsb., _Hom. Th._^2, 381, and Schrader, _Jb. f. Philol._ 1885, p. 167, either admit or require the material sense of the word ~psuchê/~: e.g. ~E~ 696 ff., ~Th~ 123, ~s~ 91, etc.] III [60\1: A more detailed statement and documentation of the following analysis of the Nekyia in Od. ~l~ will be found in _Rh. Mus._ 1, 600 ff. (1895). [_Kl. Schr._ ii, 255.]] [61\1: The information given by Teiresias, ~l~ 107 ff., about Thrinakia and the cattle of Helios seems to be put in such a brief and inadequate form just because the fuller account given by Kirke, ~m~ 127, was already known to the poet who did not wish to repeat this word for word.] [62\1: A final example of such pictures intended to suggest the background of the Odyssey is the conversation between Achilles and Agamemnon in the "second Nekyia", ~ô~ 19 ff. The composer of these lines has understood quite correctly the meaning and purpose of his model, the original Nekyia of ~l~, though his continuation of it is certainly very clumsy.] [63\1: ~k~ 539-40 is borrowed from ~d~ 389-90, 470.--I find after writing this that Kammer had already suggested imitation of ~d~ in the Nekyia: _Einheit d. Od._, 494 f.] [64\1: It is striking (and may have some special reason) that in Kirke's account there is no mention of the Kimmerians. It is easier to see why the careful description of the country in Kirke's speech, ~k~ 509-15, is not afterwards repeated but merely recalled to the memory of the reader in a few words (~l~ 21-2).]