=Morale Operations.= Morale operations in the black field are, for the American record, still a closed book. German black operations against the French included such enterprises as sending French soldiers letters from their home towns telling them that their wives were committing adultery or were infected with venereal diseases, or calling out names and unit designations to French troops facing them in the Maginot Line, or giving away mourning dresses to women who would wear them on the streets of Paris, or intercepting telephone communications in the field and giving confusing or improper orders. [Illustration: _Figure 53: Paired Morale Leaflets._ The Christmas card showing the Nativity was dropped by General MacArthur's psychological warfare people on the Filipinos. The Christmas cards with bells were prepared by the Japanese for the U.S. Army. The former were designed to cheer on the Filipinos; the latter, to depress the Americans with the defeatist messages inside the cards.] Morale operations on the white side included such items as the following: Sending mournful poetry leaflets to Japanese units which were known to be demoralized for lack of home furlough (China Theater); Dropping beautiful colored pictures of luscious Japanese victuals on starving troops (North Burma); Showing the Japanese Sad Sack in a cartoon, fighting everywhere while his officers get all the liquor, all the food, all the girls, and all the glory, while the common soldier ends up cremated (Southwest Pacific); Demonstrating that the Nazi pets on the German High Command have disrupted the splendid German military tradition and have thrown out the really competent professional generals (Soviet-German front); Pinning the nickname, _Der Sterber_ (roughly, "Old Let's-go-get-killed!"), on a German general who had boasted of his willingness to expend personnel (Anglo-American and Soviet radio); Telling the German troops they were dying for a cause already lost (Italy); Reporting back to the Germans the statements made by prisoners, to the effect they were damned glad that they were out of the fighting (France); Telling the Japanese on Attu and Kiska that just as surely as the _kiri_ leaf, symbol of death, would fall in the autumn, they too would fall (North Pacific); Telling the Japanese homeland and troops that the Japanese Emperor had loved peace but that the militarists had dragged the Sacred Empire into war ("Peaceful is Morning in the Shrine Garden" leaflet; designed for Aleutians, used over Japan); Telling the Chinese in China that the Americans would soon cut the Japanese conquered empire in two with Asiatic landings, and then dropping the leaflet, written in simple Chinese which could be figured out by Japanese, on the Japanese troops (China);