taken care of as by real parents, love them equally well. We have pointed out that the idea of _I_ is almost omnipresent in our thought, and that it constantly influences our feelings. To understand this influence better, we may distinguish two relations between _I_ and the rest of our thought, according as this or the _I_ is the predominant part of our consciousness. The former case may be illustrated by our perceiving the movements, gestures, and voice-sounds of a person or of an animal as the expressions of conscious motives. Even into the percepts of inorganic things the idea of _I_ is carried in a similar manner. We speak of a bridge boldly swinging across the river, a mountain rising proudly to the clouds, a beam resting heavily on columns, lines crowding together or leaning against each other, tones hiding before and seeking each other. We attribute contents of the _I_ to the things which we perceive; we give them mental life, feeling, and conduct, and experience in consequence further responses of our own life of feeling. In such cases, the influence of the _I_ on our thought is obvious, but it does not predominate. On the other hand, the idea of _I_ may be predominant, but may receive its special coloring from the data presented: as when I feel the tragic fate of a hero, not merely through the sympathy or admiration which it arouses in me, but as my own pain; when in the stress and striving of a Faust I feel my own dreams and desires; when the precipice pulls me down or the towering rock uplifts me. Since the idea of _I_ is so influential for our life of feeling, it is to be expected that the opposite idea, the idea of the external _world_, is also of considerable importance in this respect. Very often we refer to a thing by merely emphasizing that it is opposed to, different from, or independent of the _self_. We frequently speak of _the world and its ways_, of _the course of the world_, meaning all its sense and nonsense, its kindness and cruelty. Naturally, this idea of the world also gives rise to many complicated feelings. 3. _Irradiation of Feeling_