We might also put into this class the meagre experimental
investigations concerning the mutual influence of feelings. When
sound, light, and touch impressions, each of which, isolated, produces
a feeling of a certain degree, are combined with one another, the
experiment can show very characteristic changes in the intensity of
pleasure and displeasure. From such routine experiments of the
laboratory it might not be difficult to come to more complex
experiments on the mutual relations of feeling values and especially
of the combinations of pleasure with displeasure. This would lead to
an insight into the processes which are involved in the fixing of
prices, as they are always dependent upon the pleasure in the
acquisition and the displeasure in the outlay. The exact psychology of
the future may thus very well determine the conditions under which the
best effects for the satisfaction of economic demands may be secured,
but our present-day science is still far from such an achievement: and
it seems hardly justifiable to propose methods to-day, as it would be
like drawing a map with detailed paths for a primeval forest which is
still inaccessible.
XX
EXPERIMENTS ON THE EFFECTS OF ADVERTISEMENTS
We have said that the time has not yet come for discussing from the
standpoint of experimental psychology the means to secure the ultimate
effects of economic life, namely, the satisfaction of economic
demands. If this were the only effect which had economic significance,
this whole last part of our little book would have to remain a blank,
as we wanted to deal here with the securing of the best effects after
having studied the securing of the best man and of the best work. Yet
these ultimate ends are certainly not the only mental effects which
become important in the course of economic processes. In order to
reach that final end of the economic movement, often an unlimited
number of part processes distributed over space and time must
coöperate. The satisfaction of our thirst in a tea-room may be a
trivial illustration of such a final effect, but it is clear that in
order to produce this ultimate mental effect of satisfying the thirst,
thousands of economic processes must have preceded. To bring the tea
and the sugar and the lemon to the table, the porcelain cup and the
silver spoon, wage-earners, manufacturers and laborers, exporters,
importers, storekeepers, salesmen, and customers had to coöperate.
Among such part processes which serve the economic achievement are
always many which succeed only if they produce characteristic effects
in human minds. The propaganda which the storekeeper makes, for
instance, his display and his posters, serve the economic interplay by
psychical effects without themselves satisfying any ultimate economic
demand. They must attract the passer-by or impress the reader or
stimulate his impulse to buy, and through all this they reach an end
which is in itself not final, as no human desire to read
advertisements exists.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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