Of the other medical benefit, i.e., the Sanatorium benefit and of the Maternity benefit, I can say only a few words here. The former gives the insured patient little more than in the more enlightened sanitary districts is being provided, independently of insurance, by Public Health Authorities. It would have been practicable to make it obligatory on all Public Health Authorities to provide adequate treatment for all consumptive patients. They are already authorized to do this under Public Health Acts, and the duty could have been, and can still be made, obligatory by regulation. And in that case the connection of the Sanatorium Benefit with the National (Health) Insurance Act would happily cease, and one great obstacle to a really national organization against tuberculosis would disappear. The Maternity Benefit provides a money payment for each insured woman and for the wife of each insured man on the birth of a child. The money payment is made through the Insurance Societies unconditionally, instead of being made a means of securing that the birth takes place under circumstances favourable to mother and infant. During recent years public health authorities (aided by grants from the Government of one half of the total approved local expenditure) have been making medical and nursing provision for the care of women in pregnancy, in parturition, and during the nursing period, on a rapidly increasing scale, the grants including not only skilled assistance but also domestic aid (home helps) in suitable cases. There can be no question that increased provision in these directions will have a more generally beneficial influence than money payments, and should at least supplement the latter. To sum up, if the national English system of insurance is to continue, it ought in my view to be shorn of its medical functions and to be limited to money payments during sickness, in return for the weekly contribution made by employees and employers. If it be thought inadvisable to limit the State’s contribution, as in Germany, to what is spent in administration, then in equity the present system of insurance cannot continue to be limited to those now participating in it. I hold strongly that the State should embark on a much larger scale than at present on _The State Treatment of Disease_