Numerous investigators in many lands have been striving to illumine our ignorance; but until success crowns their efforts, it is well to admit that on the large scale all attempts to prevent the spread of influenza have failed. But, in this disease, as in measles, this failure in prevention is no reason for refraining from every possible effort to restrain death. In every country and in nearly every invaded district, many sick were unable to obtain adequate nursing and other domestic care. Here and there organized mobile team work partially overcame the difficulty; but the one lesson which emerges from this great pandemic is the necessity for having in every area a large nursing reserve. Here is one of many spheres of utility, which should, I think, be occupied by Red Cross workers, who have done such admirable work during the Great War. Many of these Red Cross workers were not fully trained before the war, but intelligent workers under stress of circumstances showed themselves competent in many instances to undertake highly skilled work; while a much larger number under the supervision of more fully trained nurses and doctors were able to carry out satisfactorily the routine but still extremely important work, of ordinary nursing. During the influenza outbreak many such “Nursing Aids” did admirable work, and the epidemic has demonstrated once for all the absolute necessity of having available a large number of such nursing aids. Cannot these be employed on a large scale when no epidemic is raging? Is it necessary for every case of sickness that a fully-trained nurse should be engaged? Would not the physician be equally satisfied in a large proportion of his cases, if he had available a less elaborately trained assistant, who understood personal hygiene thoroughly, who could give an enema, could take temperatures, and would follow instructions implicitly and intelligently? Incidentally I consider that some such modified and simplified training in actual nursing would form an adequate background for the special training required to obtain a competent school nurse, tuberculosis nurse, or public health nurse (health visitor); and that under present conditions a three years’ training as a nurse is not the best foundation on which to build the special training required for these public health nurses. _Tuberculosis_ 7. A serious penalty of war conditions has been the increase of tuberculosis. It is not surprising that the crowding in barracks, the overwork and overstrain, the dirtier habits, and risks from expectoration in massed communities, should have increased tuberculosis among soldiers; both by activating latent tuberculosis and by introducing new infection. Nor is it surprising that under analogous conditions tuberculosis has increased among women, especially at the ages in which the enormous increase in their industrial employment has taken place.