to go, and he truly says that such a measure would not be a settlement of plebeians upon the land, but an ejection and expulsion of them from it.[16] Did it pay to send out a swarm of 100,000 idle paupers[17] who, for two generations, had been fed at the public charge from the corn-bins of Rome, simply in order that a like number of honest peasants, who had been not only self-supporting but had paid a large part of the Roman revenue, should be compelled to sacrifice their goods in a glutted market and become debauched and idle? [Footnote 1: Livy, _Epit._, 103.] [Footnote 2: Momm., IV, 244.] [Footnote 3: App., _Bell. Civ._, II, c. 10.] [Footnote 4: Compare Dio Cassius, Bk., XXXVIII, c. 1: "[Greek: Taen de choran taen de koinaen hapasan plaen taes Kampanidos eneme, tautaen gar en to daemosio ezaireton dia taen aretaen synebouleusen einai.]"] [Footnote 5: Compare Suetonius' _Cæsar_, c. 20: "Campum Stellatem, majoribus consecratum, agrumque Campanum, ad subsidea reipublicae (sic) vectigalem relictum."] [Footnote 6: App., II, c. 11.] [Footnote 7: App., II, c. 20, and Suetonius, _Julius Caesar_, c. 20.] [Footnote 8: Suetonius, _loc. cit._] [Footnote 9: Lange, _Röm. Alter._, III, 273.] [Footnote 10: Cicero, _ad. Att._, VIII, 4.] [Footnote 11: Dion Cassius, 45, c. 12; Cicero, _ad Att._, X, 8.] [Footnote 12: Cicero, _Phil._, II, 39: "agrum Campanum, qui cum de vectigalibus eximebatur, ut militibus daretur." Marquardt u. Momm., _Röm. Alter._, IV, 114.] [Footnote 13: Momm., IV. 244.] [Footnote 14: Momm., III, 392, 428.] [Footnote 15: Momm., III, 392, 428.] SEC. 18.--DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR BETWEEN CÆSAR AND POMPEY. After Pompey had been vanquished at Pharsalia, and the republicans in Africa, Cæsar proceeded to distribute lands to his soldiers in accordance with his promise to give them lands, "not by taking them from their proprietors as Sulla did; not by mixing colonists with citizens despoiled of their goods and thus breeding perpetual strife,--but by dividing both public land and his own private property,[1] and, if this were not sufficient, by buying what was needed." Appian says that Caesar did not succeed in carrying out these promises in full, but that veterans were in some cases settled upon lands legally belonging to others.[2] However, his soldiers were not huddled together like those of Sulla, in military colonies of their own, but when they settled in Italy they were scattered[3] as much as possible throughout the entire peninsula in order to make them more easily amenable to the laws.[4] In Campania, where Cæsar had lands at his disposal, the soldiers were settled in colonies, and so, close together. According to a letter of Cicero to Paetus, among the lands distributed were those of Veii and Capena. Historians have estimated that there were 100,000 soldiers who received lands in Italy by this distribution. [Footnote 1: App., 94.] [Footnote 2: App., II, 120.] [Footnote 3: Long; Momm.]